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Related papers: Dominated Actions in Imperfect-Information Games

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Extensive-form games with imperfect recall are an important game-theoretic model that allows a compact representation of strategies in dynamic strategic interactions. Practical use of imperfect recall games is limited due to negative…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Branislav Bosansky , Jiri Cermak , Karel Horak , Michal Pechoucek

We provide a formal definition of depth-limited games together with an accessible and rigorous explanation of the underlying concepts, both of which were previously missing in imperfect-information games. The definition works for an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Vojtěch Kovařík , Dominik Seitz , Viliam Lisý , Jan Rudolf , Shuo Sun , Karel Ha

Search in test time is often used to improve the performance of reinforcement learning algorithms. Performing theoretically sound search in fully adversarial two-player games with imperfect information is notoriously difficult and requires…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Ondrej Kubicek , Neil Burch , Viliam Lisy

In imperfect information games, the evaluation of a game state not only depends on the observable world but also relies on hidden parts of the environment. As accessing the obstructed information trivialises state evaluations, one approach…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Timo Bertram , Johannes Fürnkranz , Martin Müller

In this paper, we consider a distributed Bayesian Nash equilibrium (BNE) seeking problem in incomplete-information aggregative games, which is a generalization of Bayesian games and deterministic aggregative games. We handle the aggregation…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-19 Hanzheng Zhang , Guanpu Chen , Huashu Qin

Nash equilibrium is a popular solution concept for solving imperfect-information games in practice. However, it has a major drawback: it does not preclude suboptimal play in branches of the game tree that are not reached in equilibrium.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-29 Christian Kroer , Gabriele Farina , Tuomas Sandholm

In 1953 Gale noticed that for every n-person game in extensive form with perfect information modeled by a rooted treesome special Nash equilibrium in pure strategies can be found by an algorithm of successive elimination of leaves, which is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-12-04 Vladimir Gurvich

Multi-agent influence diagrams (MAIDs) are a popular game-theoretic model based on Bayesian networks. In some settings, MAIDs offer significant advantages over extensive-form game representations. Previous work on MAIDs has assumed that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-12 James Fox , Matt MacDermott , Lewis Hammond , Paul Harrenstein , Alessandro Abate , Michael Wooldridge

Subgame solving is a technique for scaling algorithms to large games by locally refining a precomputed blueprint strategy during gameplay. While straightforward in perfect-information games where search starts from the current state,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ondrej Kubicek , Viliam Lisy , Tuomas Sandholm

Deception is a technique to mislead human or computer systems by manipulating beliefs and information. Successful deception is characterized by the information-asymmetric, dynamic, and strategic behaviors of the deceiver and the deceivee.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Tao Zhang , Quanyan zhu

Poker is in the family of imperfect information games unlike other games such as chess, connect four, etc which are perfect information game instead. While many perfect information games have been solved, no non-trivial imperfect…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Prathamesh Sonawane , Arav Chheda

We consider learning to play multiplayer imperfect-information games with simultaneous moves and large state-action spaces. Previous attempts to tackle such challenging games have largely focused on model-free learning methods, often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Rinu Boney , Alexander Ilin , Juho Kannala , Jarno Seppänen

We investigate optimal decision making under imperfect recall, that is, when an agent forgets information it once held before. An example is the absentminded driver game, as well as team games in which the members have limited communication…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Emanuel Tewolde , Brian Hu Zhang , Caspar Oesterheld , Manolis Zampetakis , Tuomas Sandholm , Paul W. Goldberg , Vincent Conitzer

We study the long-term behavior of the fictitious play process in repeated extensive-form games of imperfect information with perfect recall. Each player maintains incorrect beliefs that the moves at all information sets, except the one at…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Jason Castiglione , Gürdal Arslan

Estimating discrete games of complete information is often computationally difficult due to partial identification and the absence of closed-form moment characterizations. This paper proposes computationally tractable approaches to…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-02 Paul S. Koh

In this paper, we address the challenge of Nash equilibrium (NE) seeking in non-cooperative convex games with partial-decision information. We propose a distributed algorithm, where each agent refines its strategy through projected-gradient…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Duong Thuy Anh Nguyen , Mattia Bianchi , Florian Dörfler , Duong Tung Nguyen , Angelia Nedić

Secure equilibrium is a refinement of Nash equilibrium, which provides some security to the players against deviations when a player changes his strategy to another best response strategy. The concept of secure equilibrium is specifically…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-08 Julie De Pril , János Flesch , Jeroen Kuipers , Gijs Schoenmakers , Koos Vrieze

When learning in strategic environments, a key question is whether agents can overcome uncertainty about their preferences to achieve outcomes they could have achieved absent any uncertainty. Can they do this solely through interactions…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Nivasini Ananthakrishnan , Nika Haghtalab , Chara Podimata , Kunhe Yang

We study Nash equilibrium learning in partially observable Markov games (POMGs), a multi-agent reinforcement learning framework in which agents cannot fully observe the underlying state. Prior work in this setting relies on centralization…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Philip Jordan , Maryam Kamgarpour

Artificial intelligence has seen several breakthroughs in recent years, with games often serving as milestones. A common feature of these games is that players have perfect information. Poker is the quintessential game of imperfect…