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Recent advances in quantum error-correction (QEC) have shown that it is often beneficial to understand fault-tolerance as a dynamical process, a circuit with redundant measurements that help correct errors, rather than as a static code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Arthur Pesah , Austin K. Daniel , Ilan Tzitrin , Michael Vasmer

In this work, we analyze a framework for constructing fault-tolerant measurement schedules of varying lengths by combining stabilizer generators, and prove results about the distance of such schedules by combining according to classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-10 Benjamin Anker , Milad Marvian

Flag-style fault-tolerance has become a linchpin in the realization of small fault-tolerant quantum-error correction experiments. The flag protocol's utility hinges on low qubit overhead, which is typically much smaller than in other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Dhruv Bhatnagar , Matthew Steinberg , David Elkouss , Carmen G. Almudever , Sebastian Feld

Fault-tolerant syndrome extraction is a key ingredient in implementing fault-tolerant quantum computations. While conventional methods use a number of extra qubits linear in the weight of the syndrome, several improvements have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-22 Benjamin Anker , Milad Marvian

We present a quantum circuit synthesis algorithm for implementing universal fault-tolerant quantum computing based on concatenated codes. To realize fault-tolerant quantum computing, the fault-tolerant quantum protocols should be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Yongsoo Hwang

Quantum error-correcting codes, such as subspace, subsystem, and Floquet codes, are typically constructed within the stabilizer formalism, which does not fully capture the idea of fault-tolerance needed for practical quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-12 Peter-Jan H. S. Derks , Alex Townsend-Teague , Ansgar G. Burchards , Jens Eisert

Scaling up quantum computers to attain substantial speedups over classical computing requires fault tolerance. Conventionally, protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computation demand excessive space overheads by using many physical qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Hayata Yamasaki , Masato Koashi

We introduce a construction for protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computing based on code concatenation and transversal gates. These protocols can be interpreted as families of quantum circuits of low-weight stabilizer measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Daniel Litinski

Stabilizer channels are stabilizer circuits that implement logical operations while mapping from an input stabilizer code to an output stabilizer code. They are widely used to implement fault tolerant error correction and logical operations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Michael E. Beverland , Shilin Huang , Vadym Kliuchnikov

We study a class of gauge fixings of the Bacon-Shor code at the circuit level, which includes a subfamily of generalized surface codes. We show that for these codes, fault tolerance can be achieved by direct measurements of the stabilizers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-15 Shilin Huang , Kenneth R. Brown

Proving threshold theorems for fault-tolerant quantum computation is a burdensome endeavor with many moving parts that come together in relatively formulaic but lengthy ways. It is difficult and rare to combine elements from multiple papers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Zhiyang He , Quynh T. Nguyen , Christopher A. Pattison

Reliable quantum computation requires fault-tolerant protocols to prevent errors from propagating during syndrome extraction in quantum error correction. We present a novel fault-tolerant syndrome extraction technique for CSS codes, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Diego Forlivesi , Lorenzo Valentini , Marco Chiani

To build a fault-tolerant quantum computer, it is necessary to implement a quantum error correcting code. Such codes rely on the ability to extract information about the quantum error syndrome while not destroying the quantum information…

One of the most promising paths towards large scale fault tolerant quantum computation is the use of quantum error correcting stabilizer codes. Just like every other quantum circuit, these codes must be compiled to hardware in a way to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 Sahil Khan , Suhas Vittal , Kenneth Brown , Jonathan Baker

Fault-tolerant capacities quantify the ability of a quantum channel to reliably transmit information when every component of the encoding and decoding procedure is noisy. Earlier work analyzed achievable communication rates under such noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Paula Belzig , Hayata Yamasaki

We reduce the extra qubits needed for two fault-tolerant quantum computing protocols: error correction, specifically syndrome bit measurement, and cat state preparation. For distance-three fault-tolerant syndrome extraction, we show an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-25 Prithviraj Prabhu , Ben W. Reichardt

A key challenge in fault-tolerant quantum computing is synthesising and optimising circuits in a noisy environment, as traditional techniques often fail to account for the effect of noise on circuits. In this work, we propose and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-02 Benjamin Rodatz , Boldizsár Poór , Aleks Kissinger

A powerful method for analyzing quantum error-correcting codes is to map them onto classical statistical mechanics models. Such mappings have thus far mostly focused on static codes, possibly subject to repeated syndrome measurements.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Cory T. Aitchison , Benjamin Béri

We investigate a family of fault-tolerant quantum error correction schemes based on the concatenation of small error detection or error correction codes with the three-dimensional cluster state. We propose fault-tolerant state preparation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Zhaoyi Li , Isaac Kim , Patrick Hayden

Benchmarking physical devices and verifying logical algorithms are important tasks for scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing. Numerous protocols exist for benchmarking devices before running actual algorithms. In this work, we show that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Xiao Xiao , Dominik Hangleiter , Dolev Bluvstein , Mikhail D. Lukin , Michael J. Gullans
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