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Characterizing how quantum error correction circuits behave under realistic hardware noise is essential for testing the premises that enable scalable fault tolerance. Logical error rates conditioned on syndrome outcomes are needed to enable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Matthew Girling , Ben Criger , Cristina Cirstoiu

Fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) is expected to address a wide range of computational problems. To realize large-scale FTQC, it is essential to encode logical qubits using quantum error-correcting codes. High-rate concatenated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Takeshi Kakizaki

The high overhead of fault-tolerant measurement sequences (FTMSs) poses a major challenge for implementing quantum stabilizer codes. Here, we address this problem by constructing efficient FTMSs for the class of quantum Hamming codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Sha Shi , Xiao-Yang Xu , Min-Quan Cheng , Dong-Sheng Wang , Yun-Jiang Wang

The surface code is one of the most promising candidates for combating errors in large scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. A fault-tolerant decoder is a vital part of the error correction process---it is the algorithm which computes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-15 Fern H. E. Watson , Hussain Anwar , Dan E. Browne

Realizing computationally complex quantum circuits in the presence of noise and imperfections is a challenging task. While fault-tolerant quantum computing provides a route to reducing noise, it requires a large overhead for generic…

Achieving scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computation requires quantum memory architectures that minimize error correction overhead while preserving coherence. This work presents a framework for high-dimensional qudit memory in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-06 William Boone Samuels

We propose a scheme for detecting and correcting faults in any Clifford circuit. The scheme is based on the observation that the set of all possible outcome bit-strings of a Clifford circuit is a linear code, which we call the outcome code.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-29 Nicolas Delfosse , Adam Paetznick

The ongoing development of hardware that is capable of reliably executing general quantum algorithms requires quantum error-correcting codes that are both practical for realisation and rapidly reduce logical error rates as they are scaled…

We establish a new performance benchmark for the fault-tolerant syndrome extraction of [[7, 1, 3]] Steane code with a dynamic protocol. Our method is built on two highly optimized circuits derived using fault-equivalent ZX-rewrites: a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Boldizsár Poór , Benjamin Rodatz , Aleks Kissinger

In a model of fault-tolerant quantum computation with quick and noiseless polyloglog-time auxiliary classical computation, we construct a fault tolerance protocol with constant-space and $\widetilde{O}(\log N)$-time overhead, where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Quynh T. Nguyen , Christopher A. Pattison

This paper continues to develop a fault tolerant extension of the sparse grid combination technique recently proposed in [B. Harding and M. Hegland, ANZIAM J., 54 (CTAC2012), pp. C394-C411]. The approach is novel for two reasons, first it…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-04-11 Brendan Harding , Markus Hegland , Jay Larson , James Southern

This paper develops a cooperative fault-tolerant tracking framework for heterogeneous networked linear systems subject to sensor faults and external disturbances. Each unit employs an augmented $\mathcal{H}_\infty$ observer that jointly…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-11 Moh Kamalul Wafi , Yurid E. Nugraha , Bambang L. Widjiantoro , Katherin Indriawati

Low-depth random circuit codes possess many desirable properties for quantum error correction but have so far only been analyzed in the code capacity setting where it is assumed that encoding gates and syndrome measurements are noiseless.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-01 Jon Nelson , Gregory Bentsen , Steven T. Flammia , Michael J. Gullans

The essential requirement for fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) is the total protocol design to achieve a fair balance of all the critical factors relevant to its practical realization, such as the space overhead, the threshold, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Satoshi Yoshida , Shiro Tamiya , Hayata Yamasaki

We present and analyze protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computing using color codes. We present circuit-level schemes for extracting the error syndrome of these codes fault-tolerantly. We further present an integer-program-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-31 Andrew J. Landahl , Jonas T. Anderson , Patrick R. Rice

Collective coherent noise poses challenges for fault-tolerant quantum error correction (FTQEC), as it falls outside the usual stochastic noise models. While constant excitation (CE) codes can naturally avoid coherent noise, a complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Ching-Yi Lai , Pei-Hao Liou , Yingkai Ouyang

As there is no quantum error correction code with universal set of transversal gates, several approaches have been proposed which, in combination of transversal gates, make universal fault-tolerant quantum computation possible. Magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-16 Eesa Nikahd , Morteza Saheb Zamani , Mehdi Sedighi

We introduce homological measurement, a framework for measuring the logical Pauli operators encoded in CSS stabilizer codes. The framework is based on the algebraic description of such codes as chain complexes. Protocols such as lattice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Benjamin Ide , Manoj G. Gowda , Priya J. Nadkarni , Guillaume Dauphinais

Steane's seven-qubit quantum code is a natural choice for fault-tolerance experiments because it is small and just two extra qubits are enough to correct errors. However, the two-qubit error-correction technique, known as "flagged" syndrome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-07 Ben W. Reichardt

The realization of quantum error correction protocols whose logical error rates are suppressed far below physical error rates relies on an intricate combination: the error-correcting code's efficiency, the syndrome extraction circuit's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Andrey Boris Khesin , Jonathan Z. Lu