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Tokens are the basic units of Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs rely on tokenizers to segment text into these tokens, and tokenization is the primary determinant of computational and inference cost. Sanskrit, one of the oldest languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Anshul Kumar

Low-resource languages pose a challenge for machine translation with large language models (LLMs), which require large amounts of training data. One potential way to circumvent this data dependence is to rely on LLMs' ability to use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Jackson Petty , Jaulie Goe , Tal Linzen

Semiparametric language models (LMs) have shown promise in continuously learning from new text data by combining a parameterized neural LM with a growable non-parametric memory for memorizing new content. However, conventional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Guangyue Peng , Tao Ge , Si-Qing Chen , Furu Wei , Houfeng Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been emerging as prominent AI models for solving many natural language tasks due to their high performance (e.g., accuracy) and capabilities in generating high-quality responses to the given inputs.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Pasindu Wickramasinghe , Muhammad Shafique

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing (NLP). LLMs require an extreme amount of parameters to attain high performance. As models grow into the trillion-parameter range,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Zhyar Rzgar K Rostam , Sándor Szénási , Gábor Kertész

This study examines how Large Language Models (LLMs) perform when tackling quantitative management decision problems in a zero-shot setting. Drawing on 900 responses generated by five leading models across 20 diverse managerial scenarios,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jonathan Kuzmanko

This paper explores the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems to improve transcription accuracy. The increasing sophistication of LLMs, with their in-context learning capabilities and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zeping Min , Jinbo Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in incorporating Indic languages within multilingual models. However, it is crucial to quantitatively assess whether these languages perform comparably to globally dominant ones,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Pritika Rohera , Chaitrali Ginimav , Akanksha Salunke , Gayatri Sawant , Raviraj Joshi

Domain-specific question answering in low-resource languages faces two key challenges: scarcity of annotated datasets and limited domain knowledge in general-purpose language models. In this work, we present a multi-stage finetuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Sandipan Majhi , Paheli Bhattacharya

A primary challenge in large language model (LLM) development is their onerous pre-training cost. Typically, such pre-training involves optimizing a self-supervised objective (such as next-token prediction) over a large corpus. This paper…

The burgeoning interest in developing Large Language Models (LLMs) with up to trillion parameters has been met with concerns regarding resource efficiency and practical expense, particularly given the immense cost of experimentation. This…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted in educational settings. These applications expand beyond English, though current LLMs remain primarily English-centric. In this work, we ascertain if their use in education…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Vansh Gupta , Sankalan Pal Chowdhury , Vilém Zouhar , Donya Rooein , Mrinmaya Sachan

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive general knowledge and reasoning abilities, yet their evaluation has predominantly focused on global or anglocentric subjects, often neglecting low-resource languages and culturally…

As an Indo-Aryan language with limited available data, Chakma remains largely underrepresented in language models. In this work, we introduce a novel corpus of contextually coherent Bangla-transliterated Chakma, curated from Chakma…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Adity Khisa , Nusrat Jahan Lia , Tasnim Mahfuz Nafis , Zarif Masud , Tanzir Pial , Shebuti Rayana , Ahmedul Kabir

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate capabilities in code generation, potentially boosting developer productivity. However, their adoption remains limited by high computational costs, among other factors. Small Language Models (SLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Débora Souza , Rohit Gheyi , Lucas Albuquerque , Gustavo Soares , Márcio Ribeiro

Large language models (LLMs) are known to effectively perform tasks by simply observing few exemplars. However, in low-resource languages, obtaining such hand-picked exemplars can still be challenging, where unsupervised techniques may be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Sharifah Mahani Aljunied , Shafiq Joty , Lidong Bing

Large Language Models (LLMs), being generic task solvers, are versatile. However, despite the vast amount of data they are trained on, there are speculations about their adaptation capabilities to a new domain. Additionally, the simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Anum Afzal , Mehul Kumawat , Florian Matthes

Speech large language models (SLLMs) built on speech encoders, adapters, and LLMs demonstrate remarkable multitask understanding performance in high-resource languages such as English and Chinese. However, their effectiveness substantially…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mingchen Shao , Bingshen Mu , Chengyou Wang , Hai Li , Ying Yan , Zhonghua Fu , Lei Xie

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a prominent area of interest across various research domains, including Process Mining (PM). Current applications in PM have predominantly centered on prompt engineering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Rafael Seidi Oyamada , Jari Peeperkorn , Jochen De Weerdt , Johannes De Smedt

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in the field of natural language processing (NLP), demonstrating remarkable abilities in producing text that resembles human language for various tasks. This opens up new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Jianghao Lin , Xinyi Dai , Rong Shan , Bo Chen , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang
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