Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive general knowledge and reasoning abilities, yet their evaluation has predominantly focused on global or anglocentric subjects, often neglecting low-resource languages and culturally specific content. While recent multilingual benchmarks attempt to bridge this gap, many rely on automatic translation, which can introduce errors and misrepresent the original cultural context. To address this, we introduce SinhalaMMLU, the first multiple-choice question answering benchmark designed specifically for Sinhala, a low-resource language. The dataset includes over 7,000 questions spanning secondary to collegiate education levels, aligned with the Sri Lankan national curriculum, and covers six domains and 30 subjects, encompassing both general academic topics and culturally grounded knowledge. We evaluate 26 LLMs on SinhalaMMLU and observe that, while Claude 3.5 sonnet and GPT-4o achieve the highest average accuracies at 67% and 62% respectively, overall model performance remains limited. In particular, models struggle in culturally rich domains such as the Humanities, revealing substantial room for improvement in adapting LLMs to low-resource and culturally specific contexts.
@article{arxiv.2509.03162,
title = {SinhalaMMLU: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Multitask Language Understanding in Sinhala},
author = {Ashmari Pramodya and Nirasha Nelki and Heshan Shalinda and Chamila Liyanage and Yusuke Sakai and Randil Pushpananda and Ruvan Weerasinghe and Hidetaka Kamigaito and Taro Watanabe},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.03162},
year = {2025}
}