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Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have pushed the boundaries of natural language processing, especially in long-context understanding. However, the evaluation of these models' long-context abilities remains a challenge due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Cunxiang Wang , Ruoxi Ning , Boqi Pan , Tonghui Wu , Qipeng Guo , Cheng Deng , Guangsheng Bao , Xiangkun Hu , Zheng Zhang , Qian Wang , Yue Zhang

The impact of Large Language Models (LLMs) has extended into literary domains. However, existing evaluation metrics for literature prioritize mechanical accuracy over artistic expression and tend to overrate machine translation as being…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ran Zhang , Wei Zhao , Lieve Macken , Steffen Eger

To facilitate effective translation modeling and translation studies, one of the crucial questions to address is how to assess translation quality. From the perspectives of accuracy, reliability, repeatability and cost, translation quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Lifeng Han , Gareth J. F. Jones , Alan F. Smeaton

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded remarkably in understanding long-form contents. However, exploring their capability for generating long-form contents, such as reports and articles, has been relatively unexplored and inadequately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Haochen Tan , Zhijiang Guo , Zhan Shi , Lu Xu , Zhili Liu , Yunlong Feng , Xiaoguang Li , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Qun Liu , Linqi Song

Question Answering (QA) on narrative text poses a unique challenge to current systems, requiring a deep understanding of long, complex documents. However, the reliability of NarrativeQA, the most widely used benchmark in this domain, is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Tommaso Bonomo , Luca Gioffré , Roberto Navigli

As research on machine translation moves to translating text beyond the sentence level, it remains unclear how effective automatic evaluation metrics are at scoring longer translations. In this work, we first propose a method for creating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Daniel Deutsch , Juraj Juraska , Mara Finkelstein , Markus Freitag

Automatic metrics for evaluating translation quality are typically validated by measuring how well they correlate with human assessments. However, correlation methods tend to capture only the ability of metrics to differentiate between good…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Sweta Agrawal , António Farinhas , Ricardo Rei , André F. T. Martins

Machine Translation (MT) evaluation metrics assess translation quality automatically. Recently, researchers have employed MT metrics for various new use cases, such as data filtering and translation re-ranking. However, most MT metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Stefano Perrella , Lorenzo Proietti , Pere-Lluís Huguet Cabot , Edoardo Barba , Roberto Navigli

Machine-translated benchmarks are widely used to assess the multilingual capabilities of large language models (LLMs), yet translation errors in these benchmarks remain underexplored, raising concerns about the reliability and comparability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Klaudia-Doris Thellmann , Bernhard Stadler , Michael Färber , Jens Lehmann

Accurately evaluating machine-translated text remains a long-standing challenge, particularly for long documents. Recent work has shown that large language models (LLMs) can serve as reliable and interpretable sentence-level translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Tobias Domhan , Dawei Zhu

Building a reliable visual question answering~(VQA) system across different languages is a challenging problem, primarily due to the lack of abundant samples for training. To address this challenge, recent studies have employed machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 ChaeHun Park , Koanho Lee , Hyesu Lim , Jaeseok Kim , Junmo Park , Yu-Jung Heo , Du-Seong Chang , Jaegul Choo

With the rapid development of deep learning technologies, the field of machine translation has witnessed significant progress, especially with the advent of large language models (LLMs) that have greatly propelled the advancement of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jiaxin GUO , Xiaoyu Chen , Zhiqiang Rao , Jinlong Yang , Zongyao Li , Hengchao Shang , Daimeng Wei , Hao Yang

One of the most widely used tasks for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) is Multiple-Choice Question Answering (MCQA). While open-ended question answering tasks are more challenging to evaluate, MCQA tasks are, in principle, easier to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Francesco Maria Molfese , Luca Moroni , Luca Gioffré , Alessandro Scirè , Simone Conia , Roberto Navigli

Despite Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrating superior translation performance and long-context capabilities, evaluation methodologies remain constrained to sentence-level assessment due to dataset limitations, token number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Kuang-Da Wang , Shuoyang Ding , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Wen-Chih Peng , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Boris Ginsburg

As Large Language Models (LLMs) advance, their potential for widespread societal impact grows simultaneously. Hence, rigorous LLM evaluations are both a technical necessity and social imperative. While numerous evaluation benchmarks have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jaime Raldua Veuthey , Zainab Ali Majid , Suhas Hariharan , Jacob Haimes

Translation Quality Assessment (TQA) is a process conducted by human translators and is widely used, both for estimating the performance of (increasingly used) Machine Translation, and for finding an agreement between translation providers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Marco Miccheli , Andrej Leban , Andrea Tacchella , Andrea Zaccaria , Dario Mazzilli , Sébastien Bratières

\Ac{LFQA} aims to generate lengthy answers to complex questions. This scenario presents great flexibility as well as significant challenges for evaluation. Most evaluations rely on deterministic metrics that depend on string or n-gram…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ning Xian , Yixing Fan , Ruqing Zhang , Maarten de Rijke , Jiafeng Guo

Question answering (QA) can only make progress if we know if an answer is correct, but current answer correctness (AC) metrics struggle with verbose, free-form answers from large language models (LLMs). There are two challenges with current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zongxia Li , Ishani Mondal , Yijun Liang , Huy Nghiem , Jordan Lee Boyd-Graber

Despite the recent success of automatic metrics for assessing translation quality, their application in evaluating the quality of machine-translated chats has been limited. Unlike more structured texts like news, chat conversations are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Sweta Agrawal , Amin Farajian , Patrick Fernandes , Ricardo Rei , André F. T. Martins

Motivated by the rapid ascent of Large Language Models (LLMs) and debates about the extent to which they possess human-level qualities, we propose a framework for testing whether any agent (be it a machine or a human) understands a subject…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Kevin Leyton-Brown , Yoav Shoham
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