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The accuracy of end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) models continues to improve as they are scaled to larger sizes, with some now reaching billions of parameters. Widespread deployment and adoption of these models, however,…

Dense retrieval requires high-quality text sequence embeddings to support effective search in the representation space. Autoencoder-based language models are appealing in dense retrieval as they train the encoder to output high-quality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Shuqi Lu , Di He , Chenyan Xiong , Guolin Ke , Waleed Malik , Zhicheng Dou , Paul Bennett , Tieyan Liu , Arnold Overwijk

We introduce a self-supervised speech pre-training method called TERA, which stands for Transformer Encoder Representations from Alteration. Recent approaches often learn by using a single auxiliary task like contrastive prediction,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-05 Andy T. Liu , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

LLMs have fundamentally transformed dense retrieval, upgrading backbones from discriminative encoders to generative architectures. However, a critical disconnect remains: while LLMs possess strong reasoning capabilities, current retrievers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiajie Jin , Yanzhao Zhang , Mingxin Li , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou

Recent work showed the possibility of building open-vocabulary large language models (LLMs) that directly operate on pixel representations. These models are implemented as autoencoders that reconstruct masked patches of rendered text.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yintao Tai , Xiyang Liao , Alessandro Suglia , Antonio Vergari

Humans can easily isolate a single speaker from a complex acoustic environment, a capability referred to as the "Cocktail Party Effect." However, replicating this ability has been a significant challenge in the field of target speaker…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-08 Xiang Hao , Jibin Wu , Jianwei Yu , Chenglin Xu , Kay Chen Tan

Target speaker extraction (TSE) aims to recover a target speaker's speech from a mixture using a reference utterance as a cue. Most TSE systems adopt conditional auto-encoder architectures with one-step inference. Inspired by test-time…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Zhenghai You , Ying Shi , Lantian Li , Dong Wang

Audio-visual target speaker extraction (AV-TSE) aims to extract the specific person's speech from the audio mixture given auxiliary visual cues. Previous methods usually search for the target voice through speech-lip synchronization.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-04 Ruijie Tao , Xinyuan Qian , Yidi Jiang , Junjie Li , Jiadong Wang , Haizhou Li

We propose a Beamformer-guided Target Speaker Extraction (BG-TSE) method to extract a target speaker's voice from a multi-channel recording informed by the direction of arrival of the target. The proposed method employs a front-end…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-16 Mohamed Elminshawi , Srikanth Raj Chetupalli , Emanuël A. P. Habets

The attention-based end-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) architecture allows for joint optimization of acoustic and language models within a single network. However, in a vanilla E2E ASR architecture, the decoder sub-network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Van Tung Pham , Haihua Xu , Yerbolat Khassanov , Zhiping Zeng , Eng Siong Chng , Chongjia Ni , Bin Ma , Haizhou Li

This paper investigates efficient methods for utilizing text-only data to improve speech recognition, focusing on encoder-dominated models that facilitate faster recognition. We provide a comprehensive comparison of techniques to integrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Albert Zeyer , Tim Posielek , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney

Speaker extraction aims to extract the target speaker's voice from a multi-talker speech mixture given an auxiliary reference utterance. Recent studies show that speaker extraction benefits from the location or direction of the target…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-22 Meng Ge , Chenglin Xu , Longbiao Wang , Eng Siong Chng , Jianwu Dang , Haizhou Li

Improving end-to-end speech recognition by incorporating external text data has been a longstanding research topic. There has been a recent focus on training E2E ASR models that get the performance benefits of external text data without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Bolaji Yusuf , Ankur Gandhe , Alex Sokolov

Unified speech-text models like SpeechGPT, VioLA, and AudioPaLM have shown impressive performance across various speech-related tasks, especially in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). These models typically adopt a unified method to model…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Peikun Chen , Sining Sun , Changhao Shan , Qing Yang , Lei Xie

This paper addresses the problem of improving speech recognition accuracy with lattice rescoring in low-resource languages where the baseline language model is insufficient for generating inclusive lattices. We minimally augment the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-19 Savitha Murthy , Dinkar Sitaram

Target Speaker Extraction (TSE) aims to extract the clean speech of the target speaker in an audio mixture, eliminating irrelevant background noise and speech. While prior work has explored various auxiliary cues including pre-recorded…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ziyang Jiang , Jiahe Lei , Xueyan Chen , Yifan Zhang , Zexu Pan , Wei Xue , Xinyuan Qian

We develop a large language model (LLM) based automatic speech recognition (ASR) system that can be contextualized by providing keywords as prior information in text prompts. We adopt decoder-only architecture and use our in-house LLM,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-14 Kento Nozawa , Takashi Masuko , Toru Taniguchi

In this work, we address the problem of binaural target-speaker extraction in the presence of multiple simultane-ous talkers. We propose a novel approach that leverages the individual listener's Head-Related Transfer Function (HRTF) to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Yoav Ellinson , Sharon Gannot

Audio-Visual Target Speaker Extraction (AV-TSE) aims to mimic the human ability to enhance auditory perception using visual cues. Although numerous models have been proposed recently, most of them estimate target signals by primarily…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Wenxuan Wu , Xueyuan Chen , Shuai Wang , Jiadong Wang , Lingwei Meng , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng , Haizhou Li

Speaker extraction seeks to extract the target speech in a multi-talker scenario given an auxiliary reference. Such reference can be auditory, i.e., a pre-recorded speech, visual, i.e., lip movements, or contextual, i.e., phonetic sequence.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Junjie Li , Meng Ge , Zexu Pan , Longbiao Wang , Jianwu Dang