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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities as intelligent agents capable of solving complex problems. However, effective planning in scenarios involving dependencies between API or tool calls-particularly in…

Large Language Models (LLM) hold potential to support dairy scholars and farmers by supporting decision-making and broadening access to knowledge for stakeholders with limited technical expertise. However, the substantial computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Enhong Liu , Haiyu Yang , Miel Hostens

This paper investigates the effectiveness of small language models (SLMs) for agentic tasks (function/tool/API calling) with a focus on running agents on edge devices without reliance on cloud infrastructure. We evaluate SLMs using the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Mohd Ariful Haque , Fahad Rahman , Kishor Datta Gupta , Khalil Shujaee , Roy George

As Large Language Models (LLMs) transition from static tools to autonomous agents, traditional evaluation benchmarks that measure performance on downstream tasks are becoming insufficient. These methods fail to capture the emergent social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Zarreen Reza

As the strength of Large Language Models (LLMs) has grown over recent years, so too has interest in their use as the underlying models for autonomous agents. Although LLMs demonstrate emergent abilities and broad expertise across natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Chris Sypherd , Vaishak Belle

Open large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of natural language processing, showcasing impressive performance across various tasks.Despite the significant advancements in LLMs, their effective operation still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Xuechen Liang , Yangfan He , Meiling Tao , Yinghui Xia , Jianhui Wang , Tianyu Shi , Jun Wang , JingSong Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in various domains, including healthcare, with significant potential to transform mental health applications by enabling scalable and accessible solutions. This study aims to provide a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Abdelrahman Hanafi , Mohammed Saad , Noureldin Zahran , Radwa J. Hanafy , Mohammed E. Fouda

Multi-agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) are transforming enterprise automation, yet systematic evaluation methodologies for assessing tool-use reliability remain underdeveloped. We introduce a comprehensive diagnostic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Donghao Huang , Gauri Malwe , Zhaoxia Wang

The latest large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, exhibit strong capabilities in automated mental health analysis. However, existing relevant studies bear several limitations, including inadequate evaluations, lack of prompting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Kailai Yang , Shaoxiong Ji , Tianlin Zhang , Qianqian Xie , Ziyan Kuang , Sophia Ananiadou

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable advancements by leveraging tools to interact with environments, a critical step toward generalized AI. However, the standard supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approach, which relies on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Sixian Li , Yuming Yang , Zhiheng Xi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan , Zhengyin Du

We present TranslateGemma, a suite of open machine translation models based on the Gemma 3 foundation models. To enhance the inherent multilingual capabilities of Gemma 3 for the translation task, we employ a two-stage fine-tuning process.…

This paper explores the application of prompt engineering to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) in the domain of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We propose TCM-Prompt, a framework that integrates various pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yirui Chen , Qinyu Xiao , Jia Yi , Jing Chen , Mengyang Wang

The application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in healthcare is expanding rapidly, with one potential use case being the translation of formal medical reports into patient-legible equivalents. Currently, LLM outputs often need to be edited…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Malavikha Sudarshan , Sophie Shih , Estella Yee , Alina Yang , John Zou , Cathy Chen , Quan Zhou , Leon Chen , Chinmay Singhal , George Shih

Reward models (RMs) play a critical role in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Yet in the domain of tool learning, the lack of RMs specifically designed for function-calling tasks has limited progress toward more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Renhao Li , Jianhong Tu , Yang Su , Yantao Liu , Fei Huang , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Derek F. Wong , Junyang Lin , Min Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as valuable tools for many natural language understanding tasks. In safety-critical applications such as healthcare, the utility of these models is governed by their ability to generate outputs that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Varun Nair , Elliot Schumacher , Geoffrey Tso , Anitha Kannan

We present GLM-4.5, an open-source Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language model with 355B total parameters and 32B activated parameters, featuring a hybrid reasoning method that supports both thinking and direct response modes. Through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 5 Team , Aohan Zeng , Xin Lv , Qinkai Zheng , Zhenyu Hou , Bin Chen , Chengxing Xie , Cunxiang Wang , Da Yin , Hao Zeng , Jiajie Zhang , Kedong Wang , Lucen Zhong , Mingdao Liu , Rui Lu , Shulin Cao , Xiaohan Zhang , Xuancheng Huang , Yao Wei , Yean Cheng , Yifan An , Yilin Niu , Yuanhao Wen , Yushi Bai , Zhengxiao Du , Zihan Wang , Zilin Zhu , Bohan Zhang , Bosi Wen , Bowen Wu , Bowen Xu , Can Huang , Casey Zhao , Changpeng Cai , Chao Yu , Chen Li , Chendi Ge , Chenghua Huang , Chenhui Zhang , Chenxi Xu , Chenzheng Zhu , Chuang Li , Congfeng Yin , Daoyan Lin , Dayong Yang , Dazhi Jiang , Ding Ai , Erle Zhu , Fei Wang , Gengzheng Pan , Guo Wang , Hailong Sun , Haitao Li , Haiyang Li , Haiyi Hu , Hanyu Zhang , Hao Peng , Hao Tai , Haoke Zhang , Haoran Wang , Haoyu Yang , He Liu , He Zhao , Hongwei Liu , Hongxi Yan , Huan Liu , Huilong Chen , Ji Li , Jiajing Zhao , Jiamin Ren , Jian Jiao , Jiani Zhao , Jianyang Yan , Jiaqi Wang , Jiayi Gui , Jiayue Zhao , Jie Liu , Jijie Li , Jing Li , Jing Lu , Jingsen Wang , Jingwei Yuan , Jingxuan Li , Jingzhao Du , Jinhua Du , Jinxin Liu , Junkai Zhi , Junli Gao , Ke Wang , Lekang Yang , Liang Xu , Lin Fan , Lindong Wu , Lintao Ding , Lu Wang , Man Zhang , Minghao Li , Minghuan Xu , Mingming Zhao , Mingshu Zhai , Pengfan Du , Qian Dong , Shangde Lei , Shangqing Tu , Shangtong Yang , Shaoyou Lu , Shijie Li , Shuang Li , Shuang-Li , Shuxun Yang , Sibo Yi , Tianshu Yu , Wei Tian , Weihan Wang , Wenbo Yu , Weng Lam Tam , Wenjie Liang , Wentao Liu , Xiao Wang , Xiaohan Jia , Xiaotao Gu , Xiaoying Ling , Xin Wang , Xing Fan , Xingru Pan , Xinyuan Zhang , Xinze Zhang , Xiuqing Fu , Xunkai Zhang , Yabo Xu , Yandong Wu , Yida Lu , Yidong Wang , Yilin Zhou , Yiming Pan , Ying Zhang , Yingli Wang , Yingru Li , Yinpei Su , Yipeng Geng , Yitong Zhu , Yongkun Yang , Yuhang Li , Yuhao Wu , Yujiang Li , Yunan Liu , Yunqing Wang , Yuntao Li , Yuxuan Zhang , Zezhen Liu , Zhen Yang , Zhengda Zhou , Zhongpei Qiao , Zhuoer Feng , Zhuorui Liu , Zichen Zhang , Zihan Wang , Zijun Yao , Zikang Wang , Ziqiang Liu , Ziwei Chai , Zixuan Li , Zuodong Zhao , Wenguang Chen , Jidong Zhai , Bin Xu , Minlie Huang , Hongning Wang , Juanzi Li , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Recently, Large Language Models (LLM) have demonstrated impressive capability to solve a wide range of tasks. However, despite their success across various tasks, no prior work has investigated their capability in the biomedical domain yet.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Israt Jahan , Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Chun Peng , Jimmy Huang

Web browsing agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have shown tremendous potential in automating complex web-based tasks. Existing approaches typically rely on large LLMs (e.g., GPT-4o) to explore web environments and generate…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Ruichen Zhang , Mufan Qiu , Zhen Tan , Mohan Zhang , Vincent Lu , Jie Peng , Kaidi Xu , Leandro Z. Agudelo , Peter Qian , Tianlong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for healthcare question answering, but clinical use is limited by weak verification, insufficient evidence grounding, and unreliable confidence signalling. We propose a multi-agent medical QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Naeimeh Nourmohammadi , Md Meem Hossain , The Anh Han , Safina Showkat Ara , Zia Ush Shamszaman

Agentic systems for drug discovery have demonstrated autonomous synthesis planning, literature mining, and molecular design. We ask how well they generalize. Evaluating six frameworks against 15 task classes drawn from peptide therapeutics,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-12 Edward Wijaya