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Virtualization is a key technology used in a wide range of applications, from cloud computing to embedded systems. Over the last few years, mainstream computer architectures were extended with hardware virtualization support, giving rise to…
Open-source RISC-V cores are increasingly adopted in high-end embedded domains such as automotive, where maximizing instructions per cycle (IPC) is becoming critical. Building on the industry-supported open-source CVA6 core and its…
Shared virtual memory (SVM) is key in heterogeneous systems on chip (SoCs), which combine a general-purpose host processor with a many-core accelerator, both for programmability and to avoid data duplication. However, SVM can bring a…
PCM is a popular backing memory for DRAM main memory in tiered memory systems. PCM has asymmetric access energy; writes dominate reads. MLC asymmetry can vary by an order of magnitude. Many schemes have been developed to take advantage of…
Open-source RISC-V cores are increasingly demanded in domains like automotive and space, where achieving high instructions per cycle (IPC) through superscalar and out-of-order (OoO) execution is crucial. However, high-performance…
Real-time systems, particularly those used in domains like automated driving, are increasingly adopting neural networks. From this trend arises the need for high-performance hardware exhibiting predictable timing behavior. While…
Processors using the open RISC-V ISA are finding increasing adoption in the embedded world. Many embedded use cases have real-time constraints and require flexible, predictable, and fast reactive handling of incoming events. However, RISC-…
Embedded heterogeneous systems-on-chip (SoCs) rely on domain-specific hardware accelerators to improve performance and energy efficiency. In particular, programmable multi-core accelerators feature a cluster of processing elements and…
The widespread diffusion of compute-intensive edge-AI workloads and the stringent demands of modern autonomous systems require advanced heterogeneous embedded architectures. Such architectures must support high-performance and reliable…
Virtualization, after having found widespread adoption in the server and desktop arena, is poised to change the architecture of embedded systems as well. The benefits afforded by virtualization - enhanced isolation, manageability,…
Vector processor architectures offer an efficient solution for accelerating data-parallel workloads (e.g., ML, AI), reducing instruction count, and enhancing processing efficiency. This is evidenced by the increasing adoption of vector…
Neural networks are increasingly used in real-time systems, such as automated driving applications. This requires high-performance hardware with predictable timing behavior. State-of-the-art real-time hardware is limited in memory and…
Confidential Virtual Machines (CVMs) are a type of VMbased Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) designed to enhance the security of cloud-based VMs, safeguarding them even from malicious hypervisors. Although CVMs have been widely adopted…
High-performance computing on shared-memory/multi-core architectures could suffer from non-negligible performance bottlenecks due to coordination algorithms, which are nevertheless necessary to ensure the overall correctness and/or to…
Confidential Virtual Machines (CVMs) are increasingly adopted to protect sensitive workloads from privileged adversaries such as the hypervisor. While they provide strong isolation guarantees, existing CVM architectures lack first-class…
Address translation and protection play important roles in today's processors, supporting multiprocessing and enforcing security. Historically, the design of the address translation mechanisms has been closely tied to the instruction set.…
Symmetric Multi-Processing (SMP) based on cache coherency is crucial for high-end embedded systems like automotive applications. RISC-V is gaining traction, and open-source hardware (OSH) platforms offer solutions to issues such as IP costs…
Virtual memory (VM) is critical to the usability and programmability of hardware accelerators. Unfortunately, implementing accelerator VM efficiently is challenging because the area and power constraints make it difficult to employ the…
Computers continue to diversify with respect to system designs, emerging memory technologies, and application memory demands. Unfortunately, continually adapting the conventional virtual memory framework to each possible system…
The emergence of a new, open, and free instruction set architecture, RISC-V, has heralded a new era in microprocessor architectures. Starting with low-power, low-performance prototypes, the RISC-V community has a good chance of moving…