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Pretraining large language models (LLMs) on vast and heterogeneous datasets is crucial for achieving state-of-the-art performance across diverse downstream tasks. However, current training paradigms treat all samples equally, overlooking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Daouda Sow , Herbert Woisetschläger , Saikiran Bulusu , Shiqiang Wang , Hans-Arno Jacobsen , Yingbin Liang

We are exposed to much information trying to influence us, such as teaser messages, debates, politically framed news, and propaganda - all of which use persuasive language. With the recent interest in Large Language Models (LLMs), we study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Amalie Brogaard Pauli , Isabelle Augenstein , Ira Assent

Unsupervised multitask pre-training has been the critical method behind the recent success of language models (LMs). However, supervised multitask learning still holds significant promise, as scaling it in the post-training stage trends…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Daixuan Cheng , Yuxian Gu , Shaohan Huang , Junyu Bi , Minlie Huang , Furu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) are typically developed through large-scale pre-training followed by task-specific fine-tuning. Recent advances highlight the importance of an intermediate mid-training stage, where models undergo multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Kaixiang Mo , Yuxin Shi , Weiwei Weng , Zhiqiang Zhou , Shuman Liu , Haibo Zhang , Anxiang Zeng

Fine-tuning enables large language models (LLMs) to adapt to specific domains, but often compromises their previously established safety alignment. To mitigate the degradation of model safety during fine-tuning, we introduce LookAhead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Kangwei Liu , Mengru Wang , Yujie Luo , Lin Yuan , Mengshu Sun , Lei Liang , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou , Bryan Hooi , Shumin Deng

Large language models (LLMs) can perform remarkably complex tasks, yet the fine-grained details of how these capabilities emerge during pretraining remain poorly understood. Scaling laws on validation loss tell us how much a model improves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Emmy Liu , Kaiser Sun , Millicent Li , Isabelle Lee , Lindia Tjuatja , Jen-tse Huang , Graham Neubig

Large language models (LLMs), trained on large-scale text, have recently attracted significant attention for their strong performance across many tasks. Motivated by this, we investigate whether a text-trained LLM can help localize fake…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-13 Lin Zhang , Thomas Thebaud , Zexin Cai , Sanjeev Khudanpur , Daniel Povey , Leibny Paola García-Perera , Matthew Wiesner , Nicholas Andrews

Small Language models (SLMs) offer an efficient and accessible alternative to Large Language Models (LLMs), delivering strong performance while using far fewer resources. We introduce a simple and effective framework for pretraining SLMs…

Pre-trained large language models (LLM) have emerged as a powerful tool for simulating various scenarios and generating output given specific instructions and multimodal input. In this work, we analyze the specific use of LLM to enhance a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Yuhang Wu , Yingfei Wang , Chu Wang , Zeyu Zheng

Trained on the large corpus, pre-trained language models (PLMs) can capture different levels of concepts in context and hence generate universal language representations. They can benefit multiple downstream natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Nankai Lin , Yingwen Fu , Chuwei Chen , Ziyu Yang , Shengyi Jiang

The advancements in the Large Language Model (LLM) have helped in solving several problems related to language processing. Most of the researches have focused on the English language only, because of its popularity and abundance on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Sanjay Chouhan , Shubha Brata Nath , Aparajita Dutta

Large Language Models (LLMs) fine-tuned for specific domains exhibit strong performance; however, the underlying mechanisms by which this fine-tuning reshapes their parametric space are not well understood. Prior works primarily focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Eshaan Tanwar , Deepak Nathani , William Yang Wang , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Can language-pretrained transformers become effective time-series forecasters, and why? In this paper, we show that cross-modal transfer arises because language pretraining preconditions time series training with a reusable manifold. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Alexis Roger , Prateek Humane , Zhenghan Tai , Gwen Legate , Andrei Mircea , Vasilii Feofanov , Irina Rish

Pre-training on public data is an effective method to improve the performance for federated learning (FL) with differential privacy (DP). This paper investigates how large language models (LLMs) trained on public data can improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shanshan Wu , Zheng Xu , Yanxiang Zhang , Yuanbo Zhang , Daniel Ramage

Large Language Models (LLMs), with their remarkable ability to tackle challenging and unseen reasoning problems, hold immense potential for tabular learning, that is vital for many real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Sungwon Han , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan O Arik , Tomas Pfister

Large language models (LLMs) use pretraining to predict the subsequent word; however, their expansion requires significant computing resources. Numerous big tech companies and research institutes have developed multilingual LLMs (MLLMs) to…

Large Language Model (LLM) pre-training exhausts an ever growing compute budget, yet recent research has demonstrated that careful document selection enables comparable model quality with only a fraction of the FLOPs. Inspired by efforts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Xiang Kong , Tom Gunter , Ruoming Pang

Phase transitions have been proposed as the origin of emergent abilities in large language models (LLMs), where new capabilities appear abruptly once models surpass critical thresholds of scale. Prior work, such as that of Wei et al.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Noah Hong , Tao Hong

Continued pre-training of small language models offers a promising path for domain adaptation with limited computational resources. I've investigated this approach within educational domains, evaluating it as a resource-efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Salman Faroz

Pretrained language models (PLMs) display impressive performances and have captured the attention of the NLP community. Establishing best practices in pretraining has, therefore, become a major focus of NLP research, especially since…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zihao Li , Shaoxiong Ji , Timothee Mickus , Vincent Segonne , Jörg Tiedemann