Related papers: Network Effects of Tariffs
We study random graph models for directed acyclic graphs, an important class of networks that includes citation networks, food webs, and feed-forward neural networks among others. We propose two specific models, roughly analogous to the…
Directed acyclic graphs are a fundamental class of networks that includes citation networks, food webs, and family trees, among others. Here we define a random graph model for directed acyclic graphs and give solutions for a number of the…
This paper is a Systematization of Knowledge (SoK) on Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)-based consensus protocols, analyzing their performance and trade-offs within the framework of consistency, availability, and partition tolerance inspired by…
We use the logistic equation to model the dynamics of the GDP and the trade of the six countries with the highest GDP in the world, namely, USA, China, Japan, Germany, UK and India. From the modelling of the economic data, which are made…
We show that since the mid-1990s, the trade-promoting effects of tariff liberalization have been increasingly offset by deteriorating geopolitical alignment, slowing trade globalization after 2007. To quantify this barrier, we use large…
We present a graphical approach to deriving inequality constraints for directed acyclic graph (DAG) models, where some variables are unobserved. In particular we show that the observed distribution of a discrete model is always restricted…
Traffic congestion at urban-scale levels occurs when road network supply is insufficient compared with demand. Therefore, the relationship between supply and demand has been extensively investigated in the literature. Especially the impact…
We consider graphs that represent pairwise marginal independencies amongst a set of variables (for instance, the zero entries of a covariance matrix for normal data). We characterize the directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) that faithfully…
Global financial systems are undergoing strategic shifts as geopolitical tensions reshape international trade and payments. The United States (US)-China trade war, sanctions regimes, and rising concerns over the weaponization of financial…
During the last decades two important contributions have reshaped our understanding of international trade. First, countries trade more with those with whom they share history, language, and culture, suggesting that trade is limited by…
We define what "Price Impact" means, and how it is measured and modelled in the recent literature. Although this notion seems to convey the idea of a forceful and intuitive mechanism, we discuss why things might not be that simple.…
The paper analyses trade between the most developed economies of the world. The analysis is based on the previously proposed model of international trade. This model of international trade is based on the theory of general economic…
The imposition of tariffs by President Trump during his second term had far-reaching consequences for global markets, including Australia. This study investigates how both the announcement and subsequent implementation of these tariffs,…
We represent an exchange economy in terms of statistical ensembles for complex networks by introducing the concept of market configuration. This is defined as a sequence of nonnegative discrete random variables $\{w_{ij}\}$ describing the…
Our work sheds new light on the role of oil prices in shaping the world economy by investigating flows of goods and services through global value chains between 1960 and 2011, by means of Markov Chain and network analysis. We show that over…
We design profit-maximizing mechanisms to sell an excludable and non-rival good with positive and/or negative network effects. Buyers have heterogeneous private values that depend on how many others also consume the good. In optimum, an…
Graphical Markov models determined by acyclic digraphs (ADGs), also called directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), are widely studied in statistics, computer science (as Bayesian networks), operations research (as influence diagrams), and many…
We develop a simple framework to analyze how targeted persuasive advertising shapes market power and welfare. A designer flexibly manipulates the demand curve by influencing individual valuations at a cost. A monopolist prices against this…
We develop a formalism to study linearized perturbations around the equilibria of a pure exchange economy. With the use of mean field theory techniques, we derive equations for the flow of products in an economy driven by heterogeneous…
Tolling in traffic networks offers a popular measure to minimize overall congestion. Existing toll designs primarily focus on congestion in route-based traffic assignment models (TAMs), in which travelers make a single route selection from…