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As AI moves beyond text, large language models (LLMs) increasingly power vision, audio, and document understanding; however, their high inference costs hinder real-time, scalable deployment. Conversely, smaller open-source models offer cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mayank Saini , Arit Kumar Bishwas

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities across various visual understanding and reasoning tasks, driven by incorporating image representations into the token inputs of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kevin Y. Li , Sachin Goyal , Joao D. Semedo , J. Zico Kolter

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) underscore the significance of scalable models and data to boost performance, yet this often incurs substantial computational costs. Although the Mixture of Experts (MoE)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yunxin Li , Shenyuan Jiang , Baotian Hu , Longyue Wang , Wanqi Zhong , Wenhan Luo , Lin Ma , Min Zhang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved substantial progress across a wide range of understanding and reasoning tasks, driven by large-scale image-text training aimed at multimodal fusion. Ideally, replacing a textual question with its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Feng Han , Zhixiong Zhang , Zheming Liang , Yibin Wang , Jiaqi Wang

Despite the remarkable progress achieved by recent efficient methods in accelerating multimodal understanding, they still suffer from noticeable performance degradation. Their emphasis on the high compression ratio of a single visual clue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yinghao Wu , Zhuoyan Luo , Yiyao Yu , Zhaojian Yu , Yujiu Yang , Xiao-Ping Zhang

Recent advancements have shown that the Mixture of Experts (MoE) approach significantly enhances the capacity of large language models (LLMs) and improves performance on downstream tasks. Building on these promising results, multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Linglin Jing , Yuting Gao , Zhigang Wang , Wang Lan , Yiwen Tang , Wenhai Wang , Kaipeng Zhang , Qingpei Guo

Recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on vision-language understanding tasks, yet their inference efficiency is often hampered by the large number of visual tokens, particularly in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiafei Song , Fengwei Zhou , Jin Qu , Wenjin Jason Li , Tong Wu , Gengjian Xue , Zhikang Zhao , Daomin Wei , Yichao Lu , Bailin Na

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has led to the adoption of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures that dynamically leverage specialized subnetworks for improved efficiency and performance. Despite their benefits, MoE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ruisi Cai , Yeonju Ro , Geon-Woo Kim , Peihao Wang , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi , Aditya Akella , Zhangyang Wang

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in multimodal understanding tasks. However, the increasing demand for high-resolution image and long-video understanding results in substantial token counts,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Junjie Chen , Xuyang Liu , Zichen Wen , Yiyu Wang , Siteng Huang , Honggang Chen

The advent of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) has significantly enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) to process and interpret diverse data modalities (e.g., image and video). However, as input complexity increases, particularly with long…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Shilin Yan , Jiaming Han , Joey Tsai , Hongwei Xue , Rongyao Fang , Lingyi Hong , Ziyu Guo , Ray Zhang

The visual projector serves as an essential bridge between the visual encoder and the Large Language Model (LLM) in a Multimodal LLM (MLLM). Typically, MLLMs adopt a simple MLP to preserve all visual contexts via one-to-one transformation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Wentong Li , Yuqian Yuan , Jian Liu , Dongqi Tang , Song Wang , Jie Qin , Jianke Zhu , Lei Zhang

Recent advancements in general-purpose or domain-specific multimodal large language models (LLMs) have witnessed remarkable progress for medical decision-making. However, they are designated for specific classification or generative tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Songtao Jiang , Tuo Zheng , Yan Zhang , Yeying Jin , Li Yuan , Zuozhu Liu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of vision-language tasks, garnering significant attention in the computer vision. However, their efficient deployment remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Ao Wang , Fengyuan Sun , Hui Chen , Zijia Lin , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

Recent advances on Multi-modal Large Language Models have demonstrated that high-resolution image input is crucial for model capabilities, especially for fine-grained tasks. However, high-resolution images lead to a quadratic increase in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yuke Zhu , Chi Xie , Shuang Liang , Bo Zheng , Sheng Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) typically generate outputs token by token using a fixed compute budget, leading to inefficient resource utilization. To address this shortcoming, recent advancements in mixture of expert (MoE) models,…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from high computational costs due to their massive size and the large number of visual tokens. In this paper, we investigate layer-wise redundancy in MLLMs by introducing a novel metric, Layer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Qianhao Yuan , Qingyu Zhang , Yanjiang Liu , Jiawei Chen , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Jia Zheng , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

Amidst the advancements in image-based Large Vision-Language Models (image-LVLM), the transition to video-based models (video-LVLM) is hindered by the limited availability of quality video data. This paper addresses the challenge by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Shimin Chen , Yitian Yuan , Shaoxiang Chen , Zequn Jie , Lin Ma

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enhance their perceptual capabilities by integrating visual and textual information. However, processing the massive number of visual tokens incurs a significant computational cost. Existing analysis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jiedong Zhuang , Lu Lu , Ming Dai , Rui Hu , Jian Chen , Qiang Liu , Haoji Hu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate strong performance across visual tasks, but their efficiency is hindered by significant computational and memory demands from processing long contexts in multimodal inputs. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Yingen Liu , Fan Wu , Ruihui Li , Zhuo Tang , Kenli Li

In recent years, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved strong performance in OCR-centric Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks, illustrating their capability to process heterogeneous data and exhibit adaptability across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Chen Duan , Zhentao Guo , Pei Fu , Zining Wang , Kai Zhou , Pengfei Yan