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Automated driving has the potential to revolutionize personal, public, and freight mobility. Beside accurately perceiving the environment, automated vehicles must plan a safe, comfortable, and efficient motion trajectory. To promote safety…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Steffen Hagedorn , Marcel Hallgarten , Martin Stoll , Alexandru Condurache

The increasing computing demands of autonomous driving applications make energy optimizations critical for reducing battery capacity and vehicle weight. Current energy optimization methods typically target traditional real-time systems with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-09 Saehanseul Yi , Tae-Wook Kim , Jong-Chan Kim , Nikil Dutt

The last decade witnessed increasingly rapid progress in self-driving vehicle technology, mainly backed up by advances in the area of deep learning and artificial intelligence. The objective of this paper is to survey the current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Sorin Grigorescu , Bogdan Trasnea , Tiberiu Cocias , Gigel Macesanu

End-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD) has emerged as a trend in the field of autonomous driving, promising a data-driven, scalable approach to system design. However, existing E2E-AD methods usually adopt the sequential paradigm of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Xiaosong Jia , Junqi You , Zhiyuan Zhang , Junchi Yan

In recent years, end-to-end autonomous driving has attracted increasing attention for its ability to jointly model perception, prediction, and planning within a unified framework. However, most existing approaches underutilize the online…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Huilin Yin , Yiming Kan , Daniel Watzenig

Data scaling has revolutionized research fields like natural language processing, computer vision, and robotics control, providing foundation models with remarkable multi-task and generalization capabilities. In this paper, we investigate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-27 Shaohuai Liu , Lin Dong , Chao Tian , Le Xie

This work proposed an efficient learning-based framework to learn feedback control policies from human teleoperated demonstrations, which achieved obstacle negotiation, staircase traversal, slipping control and parcel delivery for a tracked…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Jiacheng Gu , Zhibin Li

Human drivers produce a vast amount of data which could, in principle, be used to improve autonomous driving systems. Unfortunately, seemingly straightforward approaches for creating end-to-end driving models that map sensor data directly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Yi Xiao , Felipe Codevilla , Christopher Pal , Antonio M. Lopez

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are evolving into mobile computing platforms, equipped with powerful processors and diverse sensors that generate massive heterogeneous data, for example 14 TB per day. Supporting emerging third-party applications…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yuxin Wang , Yuankai He , Weisong Shi

Vision-based end-to-end driving models trained by imitation learning can lead to affordable solutions for autonomous driving. However, training these well-performing models usually requires a huge amount of data, while still lacking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Diego Porres , Yi Xiao , Gabriel Villalonga , Alexandre Levy , Antonio M. López

Autonomous driving has gained significant advancements in recent years. However, obtaining a robust control policy for driving remains challenging as it requires training data from a variety of scenarios, including rare situations (e.g.,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Weizi Li , David Wolinski , Ming C. Lin

Despite the numerous successes of machine learning over the past decade (image recognition, decision-making, NLP, image synthesis), self-driving technology has not yet followed the same trend. In this paper, we study the history,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Ashesh Jain , Luca Del Pero , Hugo Grimmett , Peter Ondruska

Autonomous driving is undergoing a shift from modular rule based pipelines toward end to end (E2E) learning systems. This paper examines this transition by tracing the evolution from classical sense perceive plan control architectures to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Eduardo Nebot , Julie Stephany Berrio Perez

End-to-end autonomous driving has received increasing attention due to its potential to learn from large amounts of data. However, most existing methods are still open-loop and suffer from weak scalability, lack of high-order interactions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Wenzhao Zheng , Zetian Xia , Yuanhui Huang , Sicheng Zuo , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

In recent years, vision-based end-to-end autonomous driving has emerged as a new paradigm. However, popular end-to-end approaches typically rely on visual feature extraction networks trained under label supervision. This limited supervision…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ling Niu , Xiaoji Zheng , Han Wang , Chen Zheng , Ziyuan Yang , Bokui Chen , Jiangtao Gong

The pursuit of autonomous driving has produced one of the richest sensor data collections in all of robotics. However, its scale and diversity remain largely untapped. Each dataset adopts different 2D and 3D modalities, such as cameras,…

This paper explores the emerging knowledge-driven autonomous driving technologies. Our investigation highlights the limitations of current autonomous driving systems, in particular their sensitivity to data bias, difficulty in handling…

Success in racing requires a unique combination of vehicle setup, understanding of the racetrack, and human expertise. Since building and testing many different vehicle configurations in the real world is prohibitively expensive,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-06 John Subosits , Jenna Lee , Shawn Manuel , Paul Tylkin , Avinash Balachandran

Modern autonomous driving system is characterized as modular tasks in sequential order, i.e., perception, prediction, and planning. In order to perform a wide diversity of tasks and achieve advanced-level intelligence, contemporary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Yihan Hu , Jiazhi Yang , Li Chen , Keyu Li , Chonghao Sima , Xizhou Zhu , Siqi Chai , Senyao Du , Tianwei Lin , Wenhai Wang , Lewei Lu , Xiaosong Jia , Qiang Liu , Jifeng Dai , Yu Qiao , Hongyang Li

In this paper, we address the issue of increasing the performance of reinforcement learning (RL) solutions for autonomous racing cars when navigating under conditions where practical vehicle modelling errors (commonly known as \emph{model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Andrew Murdoch , Johannes Cornelius Schoeman , Hendrik Willem Jordaan