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We present a new approach to automated scenario-based testing of the safety of autonomous vehicles, especially those using advanced artificial intelligence-based components, spanning both simulation-based evaluation as well as testing in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-14 Daniel J. Fremont , Edward Kim , Yash Vardhan Pant , Sanjit A. Seshia , Atul Acharya , Xantha Bruso , Paul Wells , Steve Lemke , Qiang Lu , Shalin Mehta

Discovering hazardous scenarios is crucial in testing and further improving driving policies. However, conducting efficient driving policy testing faces two key challenges. On the one hand, the probability of naturally encountering…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Weilin Liu , Ye Mu , Chao Yu , Xuefei Ning , Zhong Cao , Yi Wu , Shuang Liang , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Traffic simulation is essential for autonomous vehicle (AV) development, enabling comprehensive safety evaluation across diverse driving conditions. However, traditional rule-based simulators struggle to capture complex human interactions,…

This article summarizes the research progress of scenario-based testing and development technology for autonomous vehicles. We systematically analyzed previous research works and proposed the definition of scenario, the elements of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Xiaoyi Li

Simulation systems have become an essential component in the development and validation of autonomous driving technologies. The prevailing state-of-the-art approach for simulation is to use game engines or high-fidelity computer graphics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Wei Li , Chengwei Pan , Rong Zhang , Jiaping Ren , Yuexin Ma , Jin Fang , Feilong Yan , Qichuan Geng , Xinyu Huang , Huajun Gong , Weiwei Xu , Guoping Wang , Dinesh Manocha , Ruigang Yang

Simulation plays a crucial role in the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) due to the potential risks associated with real-world testing. Although significant progress has been made in the visual aspects of simulators, generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Wenhao Ding , Yulong Cao , Ding Zhao , Chaowei Xiao , Marco Pavone

The growing advancements in Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) have emphasized the critical need to prioritize the absolute safety of AV maneuvers, especially in dynamic and unpredictable environments or situations. This objective becomes even more…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Dimia Iberraken , Lounis Adouane

Virtual scenario-based testing methods to validate autonomous driving systems are predominantly centred around collision avoidance, and lack a comprehensive approach to evaluate optimal driving behaviour holistically. Furthermore, current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Kethan Reddy , Elias Nassif , Panagiotis Angeloudis , Mohammed Quddus , Washington Ochieng

In the rapidly evolving field of autonomous systems, the safety and reliability of the system components are fundamental requirements. These components are often vulnerable to complex and unforeseen environments, making natural edge-case…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-20 Hsin-Jung Yang , Joe Beck , Md Zahid Hasan , Ekin Beyazit , Subhadeep Chakraborty , Tichakorn Wongpiromsarn , Soumik Sarkar

Generating large-scale sensing datasets through photo-realistic simulation is an important aspect of many robotics applications such as autonomous driving. In this paper, we consider the problem of synchronous data collection from the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Asma A. Almutairi , David J. LeBlanc , Arpan Kusari

Reliable anticipation of traffic accidents is essential for advancing autonomous driving systems. However, this objective is limited by two fundamental challenges: the scarcity of diverse, high-quality training data and the frequent absence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yanchen Guan , Haicheng Liao , Chengyue Wang , Xingcheng Liu , Jiaxun Zhang , Zhenning Li

Increasing the implemented SAE level of autonomy in road vehicles requires extensive simulations and verifications in a realistic simulation environment before proving ground and public road testing. The level of detail in the simulation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Mustafa Ridvan Cantas , Levent Guvenc

Event cameras are gaining traction in traffic monitoring applications due to their low latency, high temporal resolution, and energy efficiency, which makes them well-suited for real-time object detection at traffic intersections. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Kaiyuan Tan , Pavan Kumar B N , Bharatesh Chakravarthi

In the automotive industry there is a need to handle broad quality deficiencies, eg, performance, maintainability, cybersecurity, safety, and privacy, to mention a few. The idea is to prevent these issues from reaching end-users, ie, road…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ricardo M. Czekster

Automated driving system deployment requires rigorous validation across safety-critical vehicle-pedestrian interactions, yet real-world datasets rarely capture high-risk scenarios while simulation platforms lack realistic behavior. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qingwen Pu , Kun Xie , Yuan Zhu , Guocong Zhai

Challenges related to automated driving are no longer focused on just the construction of such automated vehicles (AVs), but in assuring the safety of their operation. Recent advances in Level 3 and Level 4 autonomous driving have motivated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-09 Tong Zhao , Ekim Yurtsever , Joel Paulson , Giorgio Rizzoni

While there was great progress regarding the technology and its implementation for vehicles equipped with automated driving systems (ADS), the problem of how to proof their safety as a necessary precondition prior to market launch remains…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Nico Weber , Christoph Thiem , Ulrich Konigorski

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication has been proposed as a potential solution to improve the robustness and safety of autonomous vehicles by improving coordination and removing the barrier of non-line-of-sight sensing. Cooperative…

Simulation-based testing has become a standard approach to validating autonomous driving agents prior to real-world deployment. A high-quality validation campaign will exercise an agent in diverse contexts comprised of varying static…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Joy Saha , Trey Woodlief , Sebastian Elbaum , Matthew B. Dwyer

Autonomous driving has been the subject of increased interest in recent years both in industry and in academia. Serious efforts are being pursued to address legal, technical and logistical problems and make autonomous cars a viable option…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Nan Li , Dave Oyler , Mengxuan Zhang , Yildiray Yildiz , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Anouck Girard