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Concept bottleneck models (CBM) are a popular way of creating more interpretable neural networks by having hidden layer neurons correspond to human-understandable concepts. However, existing CBMs and their variants have two crucial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Tuomas Oikarinen , Subhro Das , Lam M. Nguyen , Tsui-Wei Weng

Effectively explaining decisions of black-box machine learning models is critical to responsible deployment of AI systems that rely on them. Recognizing their importance, the field of explainable AI (XAI) provides several techniques to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yao Rong , Peizhu Qian , Vaibhav Unhelkar , Enkelejda Kasneci

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) ensure interpretability by decomposing predictions into human interpretable concepts. Yet the annotations used for training CBMs that enable this transparency are often noisy, and the impact of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Seonghwan Park , Jueun Mun , Donghyun Oh , Namhoon Lee

With growing demand for interpretability in deep learning, especially in high stakes domains, Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) address this by inserting human understandable concepts into the prediction pipeline, but they are generally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jiakai Lin , Jinchang Zhang , Guoyu Lu

Evaluating off-policy decisions using batch data poses significant challenges due to limited sample sizes leading to high variance. To improve Off-Policy Evaluation (OPE), we must identify and address the sources of this variance. Recent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-02 Ritam Majumdar , Jack Teversham , Sonali Parbhoo

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) aim to enhance interpretability by structuring predictions around human-understandable concepts. However, unintended information leakage, where predictive signals bypass the concept bottleneck, compromises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Mikael Makonnen , Moritz Vandenhirtz , Sonia Laguna , Julia E Vogt

Explainable AI seeks to bring light to the decision-making processes of black-box models. Traditional saliency-based methods, while highlighting influential data segments, often lack semantic understanding. Recent advancements, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Bo Pan , Zhenke Liu , Yifei Zhang , Liang Zhao

Benefiting from large-scale pretrained vision language models (VLMs), the performance of visual question answering (VQA) has approached human oracles. However, finetuning such models on limited data often suffers from overfitting and poor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Jingjing Jiang , Ziyi Liu , Nanning Zheng

Concept-based eXplainable AI (C-XAI) aims to overcome the limitations of traditional saliency maps by converting pixels into human-understandable concepts that are consistent across an entire dataset. A crucial aspect of C-XAI is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Arne Grobrügge , Niklas Kühl , Gerhard Satzger , Philipp Spitzer

The ability to understand visual concepts and replicate and compose these concepts from images is a central goal for computer vision. Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) models have lead to high definition and realistic image quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Maitreya Patel , Tejas Gokhale , Chitta Baral , Yezhou Yang

Large, publicly available clinical datasets have emerged as a novel resource for understanding disease heterogeneity and to explore personalization of therapy. These datasets are derived from data not originally collected for research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Anish Narain , Ritam Majumdar , Nikita Narayanan , Dominic Marshall , Sonali Parbhoo

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBM) are inherently interpretable models that factor model decisions into human-readable concepts. They allow people to easily understand why a model is failing, a critical feature for high-stakes applications.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Yue Yang , Artemis Panagopoulou , Shenghao Zhou , Daniel Jin , Chris Callison-Burch , Mark Yatskar

We introduce CEMTM, a context-enhanced multimodal topic model designed to infer coherent and interpretable topic structures from both short and long documents containing text and images. CEMTM builds on fine-tuned large vision language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Amirhossein Abaskohi , Raymond Li , Chuyuan Li , Shafiq Joty , Giuseppe Carenini

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) and other concept-based interpretable models show great promise for making AI applications more transparent, which is essential in fields like medicine. Despite their success, we demonstrate that CBMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Jessica Bader , Leander Girrbach , Stephan Alaniz , Zeynep Akata

We are concerned with the challenge of reliably classifying and assessing intracranial aneurysms using deep learning without compromising clinical transparency. While traditional black-box models achieve high predictive accuracy, their lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Toqa Khaled , Ahmad Al-Kabbany

Image retrieval plays a pivotal role in applications from wildlife conservation to healthcare, for finding individual animals or relevant images to aid diagnosis. Although deep learning techniques for image retrieval have advanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Vaibhav Balloli , Sara Beery , Elizabeth Bondi-Kelly

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) aim to deliver interpretable and interventionable predictions by bridging features and labels with human-understandable concepts. While recent CBMs show promising potential, they suffer from information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Ao Sun , Yuanyuan Yuan , Pingchuan Ma , Shuai Wang

Understanding what deep network models capture in their learned representations is a fundamental challenge in computer vision. We present a new methodology to understanding such vision models, the Visual Concept Connectome (VCC), which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Matthew Kowal , Richard P. Wildes , Konstantinos G. Derpanis

Deep vision models often rely on biases learned from spurious correlations in datasets. To identify these biases, methods that interpret high-level, human-understandable concepts are more effective than those relying primarily on low-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 David Méndez , Gianpaolo Bontempo , Elisa Ficarra , Roberto Confalonieri , Natalia Díaz-Rodríguez

Textual Concept Bottleneck Models (TCBMs) are interpretable-by-design models for text classification that predict a set of salient concepts before making the final prediction. This paper proposes Complete Textual Concept Bottleneck Model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Milan Bhan , Yann Choho , Pierre Moreau , Jean-Noel Vittaut , Nicolas Chesneau , Marie-Jeanne Lesot