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UI automation tests play a crucial role in ensuring the quality of mobile applications. Despite the growing popularity of machine learning techniques to generate these tests, they still face several challenges, such as the mismatch of UI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Sidong Feng , Haochuan Lu , Jianqin Jiang , Ting Xiong , Likun Huang , Yinglin Liang , Xiaoqin Li , Yuetang Deng , Aldeida Aleti

Mobile task automation is an attractive technique that aims to enable voice-based hands-free user interaction with smartphones. However, existing approaches suffer from poor scalability due to the limited language understanding ability and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Hao Wen , Yuanchun Li , Guohong Liu , Shanhui Zhao , Tao Yu , Toby Jia-Jun Li , Shiqi Jiang , Yunhao Liu , Yaqin Zhang , Yunxin Liu

Software malleability allows applications to be easily changed, configured, and adapted even after deployment. While prior work has explored configurable systems, adaptive recommender systems, and malleable GUIs, these approaches are often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yuying Wang , Kaifeng Huang , Hao Deng , Zhiyuan Sun , Jinxuan Zhou , Shengjie Zhao

As mobile application (app) functionalities grow increasingly complex and their iterations accelerate, ensuring high reliability presents significant challenges. While functionality-oriented GUI testing has attracted growing research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jinlong He , Changwei Xia , Binru Huang , Jiwei Yan , Jun Yan , Jian Zhang

Existing efforts in building Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents largely rely on the training paradigm of supervised fine-tuning on Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs). However, this approach not only demands extensive amounts of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Run Luo , Lu Wang , Wanwei He , Longze Chen , Jiaming Li , Xiaobo Xia

The recent DeepSeek-R1 has showcased the emergence of reasoning capabilities in LLMs through reinforcement learning (RL) with rule-based rewards. Despite its success in language models, its application in multi-modal domains, particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhengxi Lu , Yuxiang Chai , Yaxuan Guo , Xi Yin , Liang Liu , Hao Wang , Han Xiao , Shuai Ren , Guanjing Xiong , Hongsheng Li

The emergent large language/multimodal models facilitate the evolution of mobile agents, especially in mobile UI task automation. However, existing evaluation approaches, which rely on human validation or established datasets to compare…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Li Zhang , Shihe Wang , Xianqing Jia , Zhihan Zheng , Yunhe Yan , Longxi Gao , Yuanchun Li , Mengwei Xu

The rapid advancement of mobile applications has led to a significant demand for cross-platform compatibility, particularly between the Android and iOS platforms. Traditional approaches to mobile application translation often rely on manual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Zhili Zeng , Kimya Khakzad Shahandashti , Alvine Boaye Belle , Song Wang , Zhen Ming , Jiang

The large demand of mobile devices creates significant concerns about the quality of mobile applications (apps). Developers need to guarantee the quality of mobile apps before it is released to the market. There have been many approaches…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Yu Zhao , Brent Harrison , Tingting Yu

To ensure app compatibility and smoothness of user experience across diverse devices and platforms, developers have to perform cross-device, cross-platform testing of their apps, which is laborious. There comes a recently increasing trend…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Mulong Xie , Jiaming Ye , Zhenchang Xing , Lei Ma

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in dealing with new tasks with the help of in-context learning (ICL). In the study of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), when implementing ICL, researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Ellen Yi-Ge , Jiechao Gao , Wei Han , Wei Zhu

It is common practice for developers of user-facing software to transform a mock-up of a graphical user interface (GUI) into code. This process takes place both at an application's inception and in an evolutionary context as GUI changes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Kevin Moran , Carlos Bernal-Cárdenas , Michael Curcio , Richard Bonett , Denys Poshyvanyk

Graphical User Interface (GUI) automation holds significant promise for assisting users with complex tasks, thereby boosting human productivity. Existing works leveraging Large Language Model (LLM) or LLM-based AI agents have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Difei Gao , Lei Ji , Zechen Bai , Mingyu Ouyang , Peiran Li , Dongxing Mao , Qinchen Wu , Weichen Zhang , Peiyi Wang , Xiangwu Guo , Hengxu Wang , Luowei Zhou , Mike Zheng Shou

The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is pivotal for human interaction with the digital world, enabling efficient device control and the completion of complex tasks. Recent progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Danyang Zhang , Zhennan Shen , Rui Xie , Situo Zhang , Tianbao Xie , Zihan Zhao , Siyuan Chen , Lu Chen , Hongshen Xu , Ruisheng Cao , Kai Yu

Mobile apps are indispensable for people's daily life. Complementing with automated GUI testing, manual testing is the last line of defence for app quality. However, the repeated actions and easily missing of functionalities make manual…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Zhe Liu , Chunyang Chen , Junjie Wang , Yuekai Huang , Jun Hu , Qing Wang

Voice Assistant (VA) in smartphones has become very popular with millions of users nowadays. A key trend is the rise of custom VA embedding, which enables users to perform the customized tasks of their favorite app through voice control.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Garrett Weaver , Xue Qin

Smartphones have significantly enhanced our daily learning, communication, and entertainment, becoming an essential component of modern life. However, certain populations, including the elderly and individuals with disabilities, encounter…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Kelin Fu , Yang Tian , Kaigui Bian

Mobile graphical user interface (GUI) agents enable AI models to autonomously operate smartphones on behalf of users. However, most existing systems focus primarily on optimizing task accuracy and rely on cloud-hosted models for inference,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Runxi Huang , Liyu Zhang , Shengzhong Liu , Xiaomin Ouyang

This paper investigates the application of large language models (LLM) in the domain of mobile application test script generation. Test script generation is a vital component of software testing, enabling efficient and reliable automation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Shengcheng Yu , Chunrong Fang , Yuchen Ling , Chentian Wu , Zhenyu Chen

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has driven significant advances in Graphical User Interface (GUI) agent capabilities. Nevertheless, existing GUI agent training and inference techniques still suffer from a dilemma…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Shuquan Lian , Yuhang Wu , Jia Ma , Yifan Ding , Zihan Song , Bingqi Chen , Xiawu Zheng , Hui Li , Rongrong Ji