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We propose a blockchain architecture in which mining requires a quantum computer. The consensus mechanism is based on proof of quantum work, a quantum-enhanced alternative to traditional proof of work that leverages quantum supremacy to…

Consensus mechanism is the heart of any blockchain network. Many projects have proposed alternative protocols to improve restricted scalability of Proof of Work originated since Bitcoin. As an improvement of Delegated Proof of Stake, in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Thuat Do , Thao Nguyen , Hung Pham

Medical Decision-Making (MDM) is a multi-faceted process that requires clinicians to assess complex multi-modal patient data patient, often collaboratively. Large Language Models (LLMs) promise to streamline this process by synthesizing…

Decentralization is a foundational principle of permissionless blockchains, with consensus mechanisms serving a critical role in its realization. This study quantifies the decentralization of consensus mechanisms in proof-of-stake (PoS)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shashank Motepalli , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Although large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional capabilities across a wide range of tasks, reliable evaluation remains a critical challenge due to data contamination, opaque operation, and subjective preferences. To address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Qianhong Guo , Wei Xie , Xiaofang Cai , Enze Wang , Shuoyoucheng Ma , Xiaobing Sun , Tian Xia , Kai Chen , Xiaofeng Wang , Baosheng Wang

The choice of the consensus method ultimately determines throughput, scalability, tamper resistance, and consistency of a blockchain system. However, across all the types of blockchain (private, semi-private, consortium, or public), there…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Ernst-Georg Schmid

A key challenge in transportation planning is that the collective preferences of heterogeneous travelers often diverge from the policies produced by model-driven decision tools. This misalignment frequently results in implementation delays…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Xiaoyu Yan , Tianxing Dai , Yu Marco Nie

Large Language Models (LLMs) still struggle with natural language reasoning tasks. Motivated by the society of minds (Minsky, 1988), we propose ReConcile, a multi-model multi-agent framework designed as a round table conference among…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Justin Chih-Yao Chen , Swarnadeep Saha , Mohit Bansal

Building scalable and reusable multi-agent decision policies from offline datasets remains a challenge in offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), as existing methods often rely on fixed observation formats and action spaces that…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhuohui Zhang , Bin Cheng , Bin He

Blockchain data analysis is essential for deriving insights, tracking transactions, identifying patterns, and ensuring the integrity and security of decentralized networks. It plays a key role in various areas, such as fraud detection,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Kentaroh Toyoda , Xiao Wang , Mingzhe Li , Bo Gao , Yuan Wang , Qingsong Wei

Large models have achieved remarkable performance across a range of reasoning and understanding tasks. Prior work often utilizes model ensembles or multi-agent systems to collaboratively generate responses, effectively operating in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Siqi Huang , Sida Huang , Hongyuan Zhang

Multi agent consensus algorithms with update steps based on so-called balanced asymmetric chains, are analyzed. For such algorithms it is shown that (i) the set of accumulation points of states is finite, (ii) the asymptotic unconditional…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-08-04 Sadegh Bolouki , Roland P. Malhame

Leader election is a crucial process in many areas such as cloud computing, distributed systems, task orchestration, and blockchain. Oftentimes, in a distributed system, the network needs to choose a leader, which would be responsible for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Lifu Zhang , Samuel Fulton

The past decade has witnessed the rapid evolution in blockchain technologies, which has attracted tremendous interests from both the research communities and industries. The blockchain network was originated from the Internet financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Wenbo Wang , Dinh Thai Hoang , Peizhao Hu , Zehui Xiong , Dusit Niyato , Ping Wang , Yonggang Wen , Dong In Kim

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have upgraded them from sophisticated text generators to autonomous agents capable of cooperation and tool use in multi-agent systems (MAS). However, it remains unclear how disagreements shape…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Tianjie Ju , Bowen Wang , Hao Fei , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu , Yun Li , Qianren Wang , Pengzhou Cheng , Zongru Wu , Haodong Zhao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

Training and deploying the large language models requires a large mount of computational resource because the language models contain billions of parameters and the text has thousands of tokens. Another problem is that the large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Yuanhao Gong

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into healthcare IoT systems promises faster decisions and improved medical support. LLMs are also deployed as multi-agent teams to assist AI doctors by debating, voting, or advising on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Adeela Bashir , The Anh han , Zia Ush Shamszaman

We consider blockchain in dynamic networks. We define the Blockchain Decision Problem. It requires miners that maintain the blockchain to confirm whether a particular block is accepted. We establish the necessary conditions for the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Rachel Bricker , Mikhail Nesterenko , Gokarna Sharma

Blockchain technology has become a trusted method for establishing secure and transparent transactions through a distributed, encrypted network. The operation of blockchain is governed by consensus algorithms, among which Proof of Stake…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Bruno Ramos-Cruz , Javier Andreu-Pérez , Francisco J. Quesada , Luis Martínez

This work discusses how to build more rational language and multimodal agents and what criteria define rationality in intelligent systems. Rationality is the quality of being guided by reason, characterized by decision-making that aligns…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Bowen Jiang , Yangxinyu Xie , Xiaomeng Wang , Yuan Yuan , Zhuoqun Hao , Xinyi Bai , Weijie J. Su , Camillo J. Taylor , Tanwi Mallick