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Crowdsourcing platforms use various truth discovery algorithms to aggregate annotations from multiple labelers. In an online setting, however, the main challenge is to decide whether to ask for more annotations for each item to efficiently…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Reshef Meir , Viet-An Nguyen , Xu Chen , Jagdish Ramakrishnan , Udi Weinsberg

High-quality and large-scale data are key to success for AI systems. However, large-scale data annotation efforts are often confronted with a set of common challenges: (1) designing a user-friendly annotation interface; (2) training enough…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Qiang Ning , Hao Wu , Pradeep Dasigi , Dheeru Dua , Matt Gardner , Robert L. Logan , Ana Marasovic , Zhen Nie

This work addresses challenges arising from extracting entities from textual data, including the high cost of data annotation, model accuracy, selecting appropriate evaluation criteria, and the overall quality of annotation. We present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Hussein S. Al-Olimat , Steven Gustafson , Jason Mackay , Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan , Amit Sheth

This handbook is a hands-on guide on how to approach text annotation tasks. It provides a gentle introduction to the topic, an overview of theoretical concepts as well as practical advice. The topics covered are mostly technical, but…

Piano fingering shapes how a passage can be played, yet it is difficult to label after a performance. An annotator must decide which finger produced each note while reconciling the score, timing, video, and hand motion. We present…

Speech emotion recognition systems often predict a consensus value generated from the ratings of multiple annotators. However, these models have limited ability to predict the annotation of any one person. Alternatively, models can learn to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-17 James Tavernor , Emily Mower Provost

Many ways of annotating a dataset for machine learning classification tasks that go beyond the usual class labels exist in practice. These are of interest as they can simplify or facilitate the collection of annotations, while not greatly…

Systolic array has emerged as a prominent architecture for Deep Neural Network (DNN) hardware accelerators, providing high-throughput and low-latency performance essential for deploying DNNs across diverse applications. However, when used…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Mahdi Taheri , Masoud Daneshtalab , Jaan Raik , Maksim Jenihhin , Salvatore Pappalardo , Paul Jimenez , Bastien Deveautour , Alberto Bosio

We introduce the initial release of our software Robustar, which aims to improve the robustness of vision classification machine learning models through a data-driven perspective. Building upon the recent understanding that the lack of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Chonghan Chen , Haohan Wang , Leyang Hu , Yuhao Zhang , Shuguang Lyu , Jingcheng Wu , Xinnuo Li , Linjing Sun , Eric P. Xing

Relevance is a foundation of user experience in e-commerce search. We view relevance optimization as a closed-loop ecosystem involving multiple human roles: users who provide feedback, product managers who define standards, annotators who…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Commerce Search Relevance Team

Human data annotation, especially when involving experts, is often treated as an objective reference. However, many annotation tasks are inherently subjective, and annotators' judgments may evolve over time. This study investigates changes…

Detecting business logic vulnerabilities is a critical challenge in software security. These flaws come from mistakes in an application's design or implementation and allow attackers to trigger unintended application behavior. Traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Meng Wang , Philipp Görz , Joschua Schilling , Keno Hassler , Liwei Guo , Thorsten Holz , Ali Abbasi

In this work we propose a pragmatic method that reduces the annotation cost for structured label spaces using active learning. Our approach leverages partial annotation, which reduces labeling costs for structured outputs by selecting only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Zhisong Zhang , Emma Strubell , Eduard Hovy

Annotating large collections of textual data can be time consuming and expensive. That is why the ability to train models with limited annotation budgets is of great importance. In this context, it has been shown that under tight annotation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 César González-Gutiérrez , Audi Primadhanty , Francesco Cazzaro , Ariadna Quattoni

We introduce EduCoder, a domain-specialized tool designed to support utterance-level annotation of educational dialogue. While general-purpose text annotation tools for NLP and qualitative research abound, few address the complexities of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Saad Ashraf , James Malamut , Vishal Kumar , Guanzhong Pan , Hyunji Nam , Mei Tan , Lucía Langlois , Liliana Deonizio , Helen Higgins , Dorottya Demszky

Human annotations are vital to supervised learning, yet annotators often disagree on the correct label, especially as annotation tasks increase in complexity. A strategy to improve label quality is to ask multiple annotators to label the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Alexander Braylan , Madalyn Marabella , Omar Alonso , Matthew Lease

The development lifecycle of generative AI systems requires continual evaluation, data acquisition, and annotation, which is costly in both resources and time. In practice, rapid iteration often makes it necessary to rely on synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Anastasios N. Angelopoulos , Jacob Eisenstein , Jonathan Berant , Alekh Agarwal , Adam Fisch

Data quality is crucial for training accurate, unbiased, and trustworthy machine learning models as well as for their correct evaluation. Recent works, however, have shown that even popular datasets used to train and evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Jan-Christoph Klie , Richard Eckart de Castilho , Iryna Gurevych

We introduce Faina, the first dataset for fallacy detection that embraces multiple plausible answers and natural disagreement. Faina includes over 11K span-level annotations with overlaps across 20 fallacy types on social media posts in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Alan Ramponi , Agnese Daffara , Sara Tonelli

Static analyzers can reason about the properties and behaviors of programs and detect various issues without executing them. Hence, they should extract the necessary information to understand the analyzed program well. Annotation has been a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Huaien Zhang , Yu Pei , Shuyun Liang , Shin Hwei Tan