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While pre-trained visual representations have significantly advanced imitation learning, they are often task-agnostic as they remain frozen during policy learning. In this work, we explore leveraging pre-trained text-to-image diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Heeseong Shin , Byeongho Heo , Dongyoon Han , Seungryong Kim , Taekyung Kim

This paper introduces Hierarchical Diffusion Policy (HDP), a hierarchical agent for multi-task robotic manipulation. HDP factorises a manipulation policy into a hierarchical structure: a high-level task-planning agent which predicts a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Xiao Ma , Sumit Patidar , Iain Haughton , Stephen James

Machine learning is becoming increasingly important for nonlinear system identification, including dynamical systems with spatially distributed outputs. However, classical identification and forecasting approaches become markedly less…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Achraf El Messaoudi , Noureddine Khaous , Karim Cherifi

Diffusion models have shown promising generative capabilities across diverse domains, yet aligning their outputs with desired reward functions remains a challenge, particularly in cases where reward functions are non-differentiable. Some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Xiner Li , Masatoshi Uehara , Xingyu Su , Gabriele Scalia , Tommaso Biancalani , Aviv Regev , Sergey Levine , Shuiwang Ji

Reinforcement learning (RL) in continuous state-action spaces remains challenging in scientific computing due to poor sample efficiency and lack of pathwise physical consistency. We introduce Differential Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Minh Nguyen , Chandrajit Bajaj

In this paper, we consider queueing systems where the dynamics are non-stationary and state-dependent. For performance analysis of these systems, fluid and diffusion models have been typically used. Although they are proven to be…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-09-08 Young Myoung Ko , Natarajan Gautam

Behavior regularization, which constrains the policy to stay close to some behavior policy, is widely used in offline reinforcement learning (RL) to manage the risk of hazardous exploitation of unseen actions. Nevertheless, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Chen-Xiao Gao , Chenyang Wu , Mingjun Cao , Chenjun Xiao , Yang Yu , Zongzhang Zhang

Diffusion models have become a central paradigm for image and multimodal generation, yet their deployment raises persistent questions about alignment, safety, preference satisfaction, and robustness to misuse. This survey reviews recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Preeti Lamba , Kiran Ravish , Ankita Kushwaha , Pawan Kumar

Diffusion Policies are effective at learning closed-loop manipulation policies from human demonstrations but generalize poorly to novel arrangements of objects in 3D space, hurting real-world performance. To address this issue, we propose…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Xupeng Zhu , Fan Wang , Robin Walters , Jane Shi

Diffusion Policies have become widely used in Imitation Learning, offering several appealing properties, such as generating multimodal and discontinuous behavior. As models are becoming larger to capture more complex capabilities, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Moritz Reuss , Jyothish Pari , Pulkit Agrawal , Rudolf Lioutikov

Imitation learning with diffusion models has advanced robotic control by capturing the multi-modal action distributions. However, existing methods typically treat observations only as high-level conditions to the denoising network, rather…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zhaoyang Liu , Mokai Pan , Zhongyi Wang , Kaizhen Zhu , Haotao Lu , Haipeng Zhang , Jingya Wang , Ye Shi

Intelligent agents, such as robots and virtual agents, must understand the dynamics of complex social interactions to interact with humans. Effectively representing social dynamics is challenging because we require multi-modal, synchronized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Antonio Lech Martin-Ozimek , Isuru Jayarathne , Su Larb Mon , Jouh Yeong Chew

Intelligent agents must be generalists, capable of quickly adapting to various tasks. In reinforcement learning (RL), model-based RL learns a dynamics model of the world, in principle enabling transfer to arbitrary reward functions through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Chuning Zhu , Xinqi Wang , Tyler Han , Simon S. Du , Abhishek Gupta

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown strong generalization across tasks and embodiments; however, their reliance on large-scale human demonstrations limits their scalability owing to the cost and effort of manual data collection.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Rushuai Yang , Hangxing Wei , Ran Zhang , Zhiyuan Feng , Xiaoyu Chen , Tong Li , Chuheng Zhang , Li Zhao , Jiang Bian , Xiu Su , Yi Chen

Diffusion models have been extensively leveraged for learning robot skills from demonstrations. These policies are conditioned on several observational modalities such as proprioception, vision and tactile. However, observational modalities…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Omkar Patil , Prabin Rath , Kartikay Pangaonkar , Eric Rosen , Nakul Gopalan

Decision-making under distribution shift is a central challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), where training and deployment environments differ. We study this problem through the lens of robust Markov decision processes (RMDPs), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jingwen Gu , Yiting He , Zhishuai Liu , Pan Xu

Reinforcement learning (RL) with sparse and deceptive rewards is challenging because non-zero rewards are rarely obtained. Hence, the gradient calculated by the agent can be stochastic and without valid information. Recent studies that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Guojian Wang , Faguo Wu , Xiao Zhang , Jianxiang Liu

This paper proposes MATT-Diff: Multimodal Active Target Tracking by Diffusion Policy, a control policy for active multi-target tracking using a mobile agent. The policy enables multiple behavior modes for the agent, including exploration,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Saida Liu , Nikolay Atanasov , Shumon Koga

This work introduces DiffuseLoco, a framework for training multi-skill diffusion-based policies for dynamic legged locomotion from offline datasets, enabling real-time control of diverse skills on robots in the real world. Offline learning…

Problems arise when using reward functions to capture dependencies between sequential time-constrained goal states because the state-space must be prohibitively expanded to accommodate a history of successfully achieved sub-goals. Also,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-13 Thomas J. Ringstrom , Paul R. Schrater