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We derive the growth of SMBHs relative to the stellar content of their host galaxy predicted under the assumption of BH accretion triggered by galaxy encounters occurring during their merging histories. We show that, within this framework,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Alessandra Lamastra , Nicola Menci , Roberto Maiolino , Fabrizio Fiore , Andrea Merloni

Accurately weigh the masses of SMBH in AGN is currently possible for only a small group of local and bright broad-line AGN through reverberation mapping (RM). Statistical demographic studies can be carried out considering the empirical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-02-01 F. Ricci , F. La Franca , F. Onori , S. Bianchi

The dense and gaseous environments of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can catalyze repeated mergers of stellar-mass black holes (BHs), potentially explaining the high-mass tail of binary black hole (BBH) mergers observed by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-22 Maria Paola Vaccaro

Thanks to the angular resolution of modern telescopes and kinematic models, the existence of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the inner part of galaxies has been established on quite solid grounds. A possible correlation between the mass…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2012-03-29 Luigi Mancini , Antonio Feoli

Supermassive black hole (BH) mergers produce powerful gravitational wave (GW) emission. Asymmetry in this emission imparts a recoil kick to the merged BH, which can eject the BH from its host galaxy altogether. Recoiling BHs could be…

JWST has revealed the apparent evolution of the black hole (BH)-stellar mass ($M_\mathrm{BH}$-$M_\rm{\ast}$) relation in the early Universe, while remaining consistent with the BH-dynamical mass ($M_\mathrm{BH}$-$M_\mathrm{dyn}$) relation.…

Dwarf galaxies are ideal laboratories to probe the interplay between galaxy formation and the growth of black holes (BHs) in the early Universe. Mounting observational evidence reveals the presence of BHs in low-mass galaxies across cosmic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-13 Giulia Ortame , Martin A. Bourne , Sophie Koudmani , Debora Sijacki , Francesco D'Eugenio , Roberto Maiolino

We test the evolution of the correlation between black hole mass and bulge velocity dispersion (M$_{\rm BH}-\sigma$), using a carefully selected sample of 14 Seyfert 1 galaxies at $z=0.36\pm0.01$. We measure velocity dispersion from stellar…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Jong-Hak Woo , Tommaso Treu , Matthew A. Malkan , Roger D. Blandford

We use a large, heterogeneous sample of local active galactic nuclei (AGN) that includes Seyfert 1s, Seyfert 2s and PG quasars to investigate for the first time the relation between black hole mass (M_BH) and mid-infrared nuclear emission.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-15 A. Alonso-Herrero , V. D. Ivanov , R. Jayawardhana , T. Hosokawa

More than 50% of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are suspected to be red and affected by dust-obscuration. Meanwhile, popular spectral diagnostics of AGNs are based on optical or ultraviolet light, making the dust obscuration as a primary…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-17 Dohyeong Kim , Myungshin Im , Minjin Kim

The scaling relations between the mass of supermassive black holes ($M_{\bullet}$) and host galaxy properties (stellar mass, $M_{\star}$, and velocity dispersion, $\sigma$), provide a link between the growth of black holes (BHs) and that of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-06-06 Kuan-Wei Huang , Tiziana Di Matteo , Aklant K. Bhowmick , Yu Feng , Chung-Pei Ma

The remnants of galaxy mergers may host multiple off-nuclear massive black holes (MBHs), some of which may wander indefinitely within the host galaxy halos. Tracing the population of offset MBHs is essential for understanding how the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-15 R. Scott Barrows , Julia M. Comerford

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are occasionally seen in pairs, suggesting that tidal encounters are responsible for the accretion of material by both central supermassive black holes (BHs). In Paper I of this series, we selected a sample of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Xin Liu , Yue Shen , Michael A. Strauss

We analyse the demographics of black holes (BHs) in the large-volume cosmological hydrodynamical simulation Horizon-AGN. This simulation statistically models how much gas is accreted onto BHs, traces the energy deposited into their…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-07-27 Marta Volonteri , Yohan Dubois , Christophe Pichon , Julien Devriendt

Central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are a ubiquitous feature of locally-observed galaxies, and ample evidence suggests that the growth of SMBHs and their host galaxies is closely linked. However, in the event of a merger,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-30 Laura Blecha , Thomas J. Cox , Abraham Loeb , Lars Hernquist

We present a mid-IR investigation of the scaling relations between supermassive black hole masses (MBH) and the structural parameters of the host spheroids in local galaxies. The work is based on two-dimensional bulge-disk decompositions of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 E. Sani , A. Marconi , L. K. Hunt , G. Risaliti

[abridged] We investigate the coevolution of galaxies and hosted supermassive black holes throughout the history of the Universe by a statistical approach based on the continuity equation and the abundance matching technique. Specifically,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-09-16 R. Aversa , A. Lapi , G. de Zotti , F. Shankar , L. Danese

Context. Motivated by the recent achievements of a full general relativistic method in determining black hole (BH) parameters, we continue to estimate the mass-to-distance ratio of the supermassive BHs hosted at the core of the active…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-09-18 A. González-Juárez , M. Momennia , A. Villalobos-Ramírez , A. Herrera-Aguilar

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) can grow through both accretion and mergers. It is still unclear how SMBHs evolve under these two channels from high redshifts to the SMBH population we observe in the local universe. Observations can…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-09-26 Fan Zou , W. N. Brandt , Elena Gallo , Bin Luo , Qingling Ni , Yongquan Xue , Zhibo Yu

Scaling relations between supermassive black hole mass, M_BH, and host galaxy properties are a powerful instrument for studying their coevolution. A complete picture involving all of the black hole scaling relations, in which each relation…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Giulia Savorgnan , Alister W. Graham , Alessandro Marconi , Eleonora Sani , Leslie K. Hunt , Marina Vika , Simon P. Driver