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Understanding the origin and evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBH) stands as one of the most important challenges in astrophysics and cosmology, with little current theoretical consensus. Improved observational constraints on the…

New black-hole mass estimates are presented for a sample of 72 AGN covering three decades in optical luminosity. Using a sub-sample of Seyfert galaxies, which have black-hole mass estimates from both reverberation mapping and stellar…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 R. J. McLure , J. S. Dunlop

The empirical relationship between the broad line region size and the source luminosity in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is used to obtain black holes (BH) masses for a large number of quasars in three samples. The largests BH masses found…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Hagai Netzer

We investigate the relation of black hole mass versus host stellar mass and that of mass accretion rate versus star formation rate (SFR) in moderately luminous ($\log L_{\rm bol} \sim 44.5-46.5\ {\rm erg\ s^{-1}}$), X-ray selected…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-24 Kenta Setoguchi , Yoshihiro Ueda , Yoshiki Toba , Masayuki Akiyama

We review the observed demographics and inferred evolution of supermassive black holes (BHs) found by dynamical modeling of spatially resolved kinematics. Most influential was the discovery of a tight correlation between BH mass and the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 John Kormendy , Luis C. Ho

We present a new technique for observationally identifying galaxy mergers spectroscopically rather than through host galaxy imaging. Our technique exploits the dynamics of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) powering active galactic nuclei…

Black hole mass ($M_{BH}$) scaling relations are typically derived using the properties of a galaxy's bulge and samples dominated by (high-mass) early-type galaxies. Studying late-type galaxies should provide greater insight into the mutual…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-12 Benjamin L. Davis , Alister W. Graham , Ewan Cameron

We have investigated the redshift evolution of the relationship between supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass and host bulge mass using a semi-analytical galaxy formation model $\nu^2$GC. Our model reproduces the relation in the local…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-06-18 Tatsuki Shimizu , Taira Oogi , Takashi Okamoto , Masahiro Nagashima , Motohiro Enoki

Studies of massive black holes (BHs) in nearby galactic centers have revealed a tight correlation between BH mass and galactic velocity dispersion. In this paper we investigate how the BH mass versus velocity dispersion relation and the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Qingjuan Yu , Youjun Lu

The empirical model of Lu et al. 2014a for the relation between star formation rate and halo mass growth is adopted to predict the classical bulge mass ($M_{\rm cb}$) - total stellar mass ($M_\star$) relation for central galaxies. The…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-22 Zhankui Lu , H. J. Mo

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has unveiled numerous massive black holes (BHs) in faint, broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The discovery highlights the presence of dust-reddened AGN populations, referred to as "little red…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-09-13 Kohei Inayoshi , Kohei Ichikawa

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with dynamically measured masses have shown empirical correlations with host galaxy properties. These correlations are often the only method available to estimate SMBH masses and gather statistics for large…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-06-11 Maggie C. Huber , Joseph Simon , Julia M. Comerford

Dual supermassive black holes (SMBHs) with kiloparsec scale separations in merger-remnant galaxies are informative tracers of galaxy evolution, but the avenue for identifying them in large numbers for such studies is not yet clear. One…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Julia M. Comerford , Kyle Schluns , Jenny E. Greene , Richard J. Cool

Type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGN) represent the majority of the AGN population. However, due to the difficulties in measuring their black hole (BH) masses, it is still unknown whether they follow the same BH mass-host galaxy scaling…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-11-08 F. Ricci , F. La Franca , A. Marconi , F. Onori , F. Shankar , R. Schneider , E. Sani , S. Bianchi , A. Bongiorno , M. Brusa , F. Fiore , R. Maiolino , C. Vignali

Over the past two decades, tight correlations between black hole masses ($M_\bullet$) and their host galaxy properties have been firmly established for massive galaxies ($\log(M_*/M_{\odot})\gtrsim10$) at low-$z$ ($z<1$), indicating…

We create a baseline of the black hole (BH) mass (MBH) - stellar-velocity dispersion (sigma) relation for active galaxies, using a sample of 66 local (0.02<z<0.09) Seyfert-1 galaxies, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS).…

We review the motivation and search for supermassive black holes (BHs) in galaxies. Energetic nuclear activity provides indirect but compelling evidence for BH engines. Ground-based dynamical searches for central dark objects are reviewed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 John Kormendy , Karl Gebhardt

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) have been detected in the centers of most nearby massive galaxies. Galaxies today are the products of billions of years of galaxy mergers, but also billions of years of SMBH activity as active galactic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-03-05 Sandor Van Wassenhove , Marta Volonteri , Lucio Mayer , Massimo Dotti , Jillian Bellovary , Simone Callegari

Understanding the connection between galaxy properties and their central massive black holes (MBHs) is key to unveiling their co-evolution. We use the ${\tt L{-}Galaxies{-} \it BH}$ semi-analytical model and the ${\tt Millennium}$ suite of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-22 David Izquierdo-Villalba

New kinematic data and modeling efforts in the past few years have substantially expanded and revised dynamical measurements of black hole masses (Mbh) at the centers of nearby galaxies. Here we compile an updated sample of 72 black holes…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Nicholas J. McConnell , Chung-Pei Ma