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Related papers: Thinking Longer, Not Larger: Enhancing Software En…

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The advancement of large language models (LLMs) and code agents has demonstrated significant potential to assist software engineering (SWE) tasks, such as autonomous issue resolution and feature addition. Existing AI for software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Zhiyu Fan , Kirill Vasilevski , Dayi Lin , Boyuan Chen , Yihao Chen , Zhiqing Zhong , Jie M. Zhang , Pinjia He , Ahmed E. Hassan

Structured reasoning can improve the inference performance of large language models (LLMs), but it also introduces computational cost and control constraints. When additional reasoning structure helps, and when it instead reduces efficiency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Junyu Guo , Shangding Gu , Ming Jin , Costas Spanos , Javad Lavaei

While model serving has unlocked unprecedented capabilities, the high cost of serving large-scale models continues to be a significant barrier to widespread accessibility and rapid innovation. Compiler optimizations have long driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Annabelle Sujun Tang , Christopher Priebe , Rohan Mahapatra , Lianhui Qin , Hadi Esmaeilzadeh

Scaling test-time compute has driven the recent advances in the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), typically by allocating additional computation for more thorough exploration. However, increased compute often comes at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Mert Cemri , Nived Rajaraman , Rishabh Tiwari , Xiaoxuan Liu , Kurt Keutzer , Ion Stoica , Kannan Ramchandran , Ahmad Beirami , Ziteng Sun

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models by allocating additional inference compute to explore the solution space. However, existing parallel TTS methods typically keep branches isolated during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xinglin Wang , Hao Lin , Shaoxiong Feng , Peiwen Yuan , Yiwei Li , Jiayi Shi , Yueqi Zhang , Chuyi Tan , Ji Zhang , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance across diverse tasks but come with substantial energy and computational costs, particularly in request-heavy scenarios. In many real-world applications, the full scale and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Patrick Wilhelm , Thorsten Wittkopp , Odej Kao

Large language models are increasingly used as coding agents for software engineering tasks. Current benchmarks mainly evaluate whether the agent can correctly solve the request or fix the bugs. They largely treat tasks as independent and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Jiayuan Zhu , Junde Wu , Minhao Hu , Shengda Zhu , Jiazhen Pan , Weixiang Shen , Yijun Yang , Fenglin Liu , Jianye Hao , Yueming Jin , Qirong Ho , Min Xu

Test-time scaling has emerged as a promising paradigm in language modeling, leveraging additional computational resources at inference time to enhance model performance. In this work, we introduce R2-LLMs, a novel and versatile hierarchical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Alex ZH Dou , Zhongwei Wan , Dongfei Cui , Xin Wang , Jing Xiong , Haokun Lin , Chaofan Tao , Shen Yan , Mi Zhang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that test-time scaling can substantially improve model performance on complex tasks, particularly in the coding domain. Under this paradigm, models use a larger token budget during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jiaxin Fang , Runyuan He , Sahil Bhatia , Neel Gajare , Alvin Cheung

We introduce LeetCodeDataset, a high-quality benchmark for evaluating and training code-generation models, addressing two key challenges in LLM research: the lack of reasoning-focused coding benchmarks and self-contained training testbeds.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yunhui Xia , Wei Shen , Yan Wang , Jason Klein Liu , Huifeng Sun , Siyue Wu , Jian Hu , Xiaolong Xu

Recent trends in test-time scaling for reasoning models (e.g., OpenAI o1, DeepSeek R1) have led to a popular belief that extending thinking traces using prompts like "Wait" or "Let me rethink" can improve performance. This raises a natural…

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence by enabling complex reasoning capabilities. While recent advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) have primarily focused on domain-specific reasoning tasks (e.g.,…

LLMs can solve complex tasks by generating long, multi-step reasoning chains. Test-time scaling (TTS) can further improve performance by sampling multiple variants of intermediate reasoning steps, verifying their correctness, and selecting…

In the era of "Software Engineering 2.0" (SE 2.0), where intelligent agents collaborate with human engineers, Generative AI is advancing beyond code generation into Software Architecture (SA). While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Ha Vo , Nhut Tran , Khang Vo , Phat T. Tran-Truong , Son Ha

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in complex reasoning tasks through both post-training and test-time scaling laws. While prevalent test-time scaling approaches are often realized by using external reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Fuxiang Zhang , Jiacheng Xu , Chaojie Wang , Ce Cui , Yang Liu , Bo An

With the rapid advancement of post-training techniques for reasoning and information seeking, large language models (LLMs) can incorporate a large quantity of retrieved knowledge to solve complex tasks. However, the limited context window…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zijun Liu , Zhennan Wan , Peng Li , Ming Yan , Fei Huang , Yang Liu

Inference-time scaling has attracted much attention which significantly enhance the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex reasoning tasks by increasing the length of Chain-of-Thought. These longer intermediate reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Hongru Wang , Deng Cai , Wanjun Zhong , Shijue Huang , Jeff Z. Pan , Zeming Liu , Kam-Fai Wong

Reasoning ability, a core component of human intelligence, continues to pose a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs) in the pursuit of AGI. Although model performance has improved under the training scaling law, significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hengli Li , Chenxi Li , Tong Wu , Xuekai Zhu , Yuxuan Wang , Zhaoxin Yu , Eric Hanchen Jiang , Song-Chun Zhu , Zixia Jia , Ying Nian Wu , Zilong Zheng

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards improves reasoning in large language models (LLMs), but many methods still rely on large human-labeled datasets. While self-play reduces this dependency, it often lacks explicit planning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yulin Peng , Xinxin Zhu , Chenxing Wei , Nianbo Zeng , Leilei Wang , Ying Tiffany He , F. Richard Yu

LLM agents are increasingly expected to function as general-purpose systems capable of resolving open-ended user requests. While existing benchmarks focus on domain-aware environments for developing specialized agents, evaluating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Xiaochuan Li , Ryan Ming , Pranav Setlur , Abhijay Paladugu , Andy Tang , Hao Kang , Shuai Shao , Rong Jin , Chenyan Xiong