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Modern software projects depend on many third-party libraries, complicating reproducible and secure builds. Several package managers address this with the generation of a lockfile that freezes dependency versions and can be used to verify…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Larissa Schmid , Elias Lundell , Yogya Gamage , Benoit Baudry , Martin Monperrus

The widespread of libraries within modern software ecosystems creates complex networks of dependencies. These dependencies are fragile to breakage, outdated, or redundancy, potentially leading to cascading issues in dependent libraries. One…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Pongchai Jaisri , Brittany Reid , Raula Gaikovina Kula

Background: Widespread use of third-party libraries makes ecosystems like Node Package Manager (npm) critical to modern software development. However, this interconnected chain of dependencies also creates challenges: bugs in one library…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Mohammadreza Saeidi , Ethan Thoma , Raula Gaikovina Kula , Gema Rodríguez-Pérez

Popular (re)use of third-party open-source software (OSS) is evidence of the impact of hosting repositories like maven on software development today. Updating libraries is crucial, with recent studies highlighting the associated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Raula Gaikovina Kula , Coen De Roover , Daniel M. German , Takashi Ishio , Katsuro Inoue

Dependency management in modern software development poses many challenges for developers who wish to stay up to date with the latest features and fixes whilst ensuring backwards compatibility. Project maintainers have opted for varied, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Abbas Javan Jafari , Diego Elias Costa , Rabe Abdalkareem , Emad Shihab , Nikolaos Tsantalis

Relying on dependency packages accelerates software development, but it also increases the exposure to security vulnerabilities that may be present in dependencies. While developers have full control over which dependency packages (and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Abbas Javan Jafari , Diego Elias Costa , Ahmad Abdellatif , Emad Shihab

Open-source libraries are widely used by software developers to speed up the development of products, however, they can introduce security vulnerabilities, leading to incidents like Log4Shell. With the expanding usage of open-source…

Modern software systems are often built by leveraging code written by others in the form of libraries and packages to accelerate their development. While there are many benefits to using third-party packages, software projects often become…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Jasmine Latendresse , Suhaib Mujahid , Diego Elias Costa , Emad Shihab

Managing project dependencies is a key maintenance issue in software development. Developers need to choose an update strategy that allows them to receive important updates and fixes while protecting them from breaking changes. Semantic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Abbas Javan Jafari , Diego Elias Costa , Emad Shihab , Rabe Abdalkareem

Towards understanding the ecosystem gap of fixed-release Linux that is caused by the evolution of mirrors, we conducted a comprehensive study of the Debian ecosystem. This study involved the collection of Debian packages and the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Wei Tang , Zhengzi Xu , Chengwei Liu , Ping Luo , Yang Liu

Library reuse is a widely adopted practice in software development, however, re-used libraries are not always up-to-date, thus including unnecessary bugs or vulnerabilities. Brutely upgrading libraries to the latest versions is not feasible…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Rui Lu

Modern software development relies on package ecosystems where a single declared dependency can pull in many additional transitive packages. This dependency amplification, defined as the ratio of transitive to direct dependencies, has major…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Jahidul Arafat

Complex software systems have a network of dependencies. Developers often configure package managers (e.g., npm) to automatically update dependencies with each publication of new releases containing bug fixes and new features. When a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Daniel Venturini , Filipe Roseiro Cogo , Ivanilton Polato , Marco A Gerosa , Igor Scaliante Wiese

Third-party library reuse has become common practice in contemporary software development, as it includes several benefits for developers. Library dependencies are constantly evolving, with newly added features and patches that fix bugs in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Raula Gaikovina Kula , Daniel M. German , Ali Ouni , Takashi Ishio , Katsuro Inoue

Open source software ecosystems consist of thousands of interdependent libraries, which users can combine to great effect. Recent work has pointed out two kinds of risks in these systems: that technical problems like bugs and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-11 William Schueller , Johannes Wachs

Security vulnerabilities introduced by applications using third-party dependencies are on the increase, caused by the emergence of large ecosystems of libraries such as the NPM packages for JavaScript. Nowadays, libraries depend on each…

Much of the success of modern software development can be attributed to code reuse. The ability to reuse existing functionality via third-party dependencies has enabled massive gains in productivity, but for a long time the dominant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Brittany Anne Reid , Raula Gaikovina Kula

As software systems grow in complexity, accurately identifying and managing dependencies among changes becomes increasingly critical. For instance, a change that leverages a function must depend on the change that introduces it.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ali Arabat , Mohammed Sayagh , Jameleddine Hassine

Modern software heavily relies on the use of components. Those components are usually published in central repositories, and managed by build systems via dependencies. Due to issues around vulnerabilities, licenses and the propagation of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Jens Dietrich , Shawn Rasheed , Alexander Jordan , Tim White

Vulnerabilities from third-party libraries (TPLs) have been unveiled to threaten the Maven ecosystem. Despite patches being released promptly after vulnerabilities are disclosed, the libraries and applications in the community still use the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Lyuye Zhang , Chengwei Liu , Sen Chen , Zhengzi Xu , Lingling Fan , Lida Zhao , Yiran Zhang , Yang Liu