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We study different approaches to implementing sparse-in-time observations into the the Azouani-Olson-Titi data assimilation algorithm. We propose a new method which introduces a "data assimilation window" separate from the observational…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-03-08 Adam Larios , Yuan Pei , Collin Victor

Variational data assimilation in continuous time is revisited. The central techniques applied in this paper are in part adopted from the theory of optimal nonlinear control. Alternatively, the investigated approach can be considered as a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Jochen Bröcker

In this paper we propose a continuous data assimilation (downscaling) algorithm for a two-dimensional B\'enard convection problem. Specifically we consider the two-dimensional Boussinesq system of a layer of incompressible fluid between two…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-02-01 Aseel Farhat , Evelyn Lunasin , Edriss S. Titi

We adapt a previously introduced continuous in time data assimilation (downscaling) algorithm for the 2D Navier-Stokes equations to the more realistic case when the measurements are obtained discretely in time and may be contaminated by…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-05-24 Ciprian Foias , Cecilia F. Mondaini , Edriss S. Titi

Inferring physical parameters of turbulent flows by assimilation of data measurements is an open challenge with key applications in meteorology, climate modeling and astrophysics. Up to now, spectral nudging was applied for empirical…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-10-29 P. Clark Di Leoni , A. Mazzino , L. Biferale

In this paper we present two results: (1) A data assimilation algorithm for the 3D Navier-Stokes equation (3D NSE) using nodal data, and, as a consequence (2) a novel regularity criterion for the 3D NSE based on finitely many observations…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-11-29 Abhishek Balakrishna , Animikh Biswas

Data assimilation plays a crucial role in modern weather prediction, providing a systematic way to incorporate observational data into complex dynamical models. The paper addresses continuous data assimilation for a model arising as a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Eduard Feireisl , Piotr Gwiazda , Agnieszka Świerczewska-Gwiazda

Data assimilation, consisting in the combination of a dynamical model with a set of noisy and incomplete observations in order to infer the state of a system over time, involves uncertainty in most settings. Building upon an existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Anthony Frion , David S Greenberg

We introduce a continuous (downscaling) data assimilation algorithm for the 2D B\'enard convection problem using vorticity or local circulation measurements only. In this algorithm, a nudging term is added to the vorticity equation to…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-09-11 Aseel Farhat , Hans Johnston , Michael S. Jolly , Edriss S. Titi

We study the long-time dynamics of the nonlinear processes modeled by diffusion-transport partial differential equations in non-divergence form with drifts. The solutions are subject to some inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition.…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Luan Hoang , Akif Ibragimov

In this paper, we consider the back and forth nudging algorithm that has been introduced for data assimilation purposes. It consists of iteratively and alternately solving forward and backward in time the model equation, with a feedback…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-11-30 Didier Auroux , Maëlle Nodet

Data-Driven Continuum Mechanics -- the continuous counterpart of Data-Driven Computational Mechanics -- is a modern paradigm that enhances classical continuum mechanics by incorporating finite sets of experimental material data directly,…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Cristian G. Gebhardt , Kundan Kumar , Florin A. Radu

This paper is focused on the Morozov's principle applied to an abstract data assimilation framework, with particular attention to three simple examples: the data assimilation problem for the Laplace equation, the Cauchy problem for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-25 Laurent Bourgeois , Jérémi Dardé

In meteorological and oceanological studies the classical approach for finding the numerical solution of the regional model consists in formulating and solving the Cauchy-Dirichlet problem. The related boundary conditions are obtained by…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2008-01-14 F. I. Pisnichenko , I. A. Pisnichenko , J. M. Martinez , S. A. Santos

Variational data assimilation is a technique for combining measured data with dynamical models. It is a key component of Earth system state estimation and is commonly used in weather and ocean forecasting. The approach involves a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-30 I. Daužickaitė , M. A. Freitag , S. Gürol , A. S. Lawless , A. Ramage , J. A. Scott , J. M. Tabeart

We consider a stabilized nonconforming finite element method for data assimilation in incompressible flow subject to the Stokes' equations. The method uses a primal dual structure that allows for the inclusion of nonstandard data. Error…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-09-21 Erik Burman , Peter Hansbo

This report develops several modular, 2-step realizations (inspired by Kalman filter algorithms) of nudging-based data assimilation $$Step \ 1 \quad \frac{\widetilde {v}^{n+1}-v^{n}}{k}+v^{n}\cdot \nabla \widetilde {v}^{n+1}-\nu \triangle…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Aytekin Çıbık , Rui Fang , William Layton

In this paper we propose a new sequential data assimilation method for non-linear ordinary differential equations with compact state space. The method is designed so that the Lyapunov exponents of the corresponding estimation error dynamics…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-11-15 Jason Frank , Sergiy Zhuk

We present a particle filtering algorithm for stochastic models on infinite dimensional state space, making use of Girsanov perturbations to nudge the ensemble of particles into regions of higher likelihood. We argue that the optimal…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-24 Maneesh Kumar Singh , Joshua Hope-Collins , Colin J. Cotter , Dan Crisan

The efficacy of a nudging data assimilation algorithm using higher order finite element interpolating operators is studied. Numerical experiments are presented for the 2D Navier-Stokes equations in two cases: shear flow in an annulus and a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Michael S. Jolly , Ali Pakzad