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This article studies the intimate relationship between two filtering algorithms for continuous data assimilation, the synchronization filter and the nudging filter, in the paradigmatic context of the two-dimensional (2D) Navier-Stokes…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Elizabeth Carlson , Aseel Farhat , Vincent R. Martinez , Collin Victor

This paper considers the ill-posed data assimilation problem associated with hyperbolic/parabolic systems describing 2D coupled sound and heat flow. Given hypothetical data at time T > 0, that may not correspond to an actual solution of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Alfred S. Carasso

Data assimilation is a technique for increasing the accuracy of simulations of solutions to partial differential equations by incorporating observable data into the solution as time evolves. Recently, a promising new algorithm for data…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-12-06 Adam Larios , Collin Victor

Nudging is a data assimilation method amenable to both analysis and implementation. It also has the (reported) advantage of being insensitive to model errors compared to other assimilation methods. However, nudging behavior in the presence…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-24 Aytekin Çibik , Rui Fang , William Layton , Farjana Siddiqua

This paper focuses on continuous data assimilation (CDA) for the Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear slip boundary conditions. CDA methods are typically employed to recover the original system when initial data or viscosity coefficients…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-28 W. C. Wu , H. Y. Dong , K. Wang

We analyze continuous data assimilation by nudging for the 3D Ladyzhenskaya equations. The analysis provides conditions on the spatial resolution of the observed data that guarantee synchronization to the reference solution associated with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Yu Cao , Andrea Giorgini , Michael Jolly , Ali Pakzad

The problem of continuous data assimilation for semilinear parabolic equations based on partial observations corrupted by noise is investigated. The noise is allowed to be multiplicative, with additive noise arising as a special case. In a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Jochen Bröcker , Gianmarco Del Sarto , Matthias Hieber , Filippo Palma , Tarek Zöchling

Continuous data assimilation methods, such as the nudging algorithm introduced by Azouani, Olson, and Titi (AOT) [2], are known to be highly effective in deterministic settings for asymptotically synchronizing approximate solutions with…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Hakima Bessaih , Benedetta Ferrario , Oussama Landoulsi , Margherita Zanella

A new nudging method for data assimilation, delay-coordinate nudging, is presented. Delay-coordinate nudging makes explicit use of present and past observations in the formulation of the forcing driving the model evolution at each…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2016-01-12 D. Pazó , A. Carrassi , J. M. López

We study prediction-assimilation systems, which have become routine in meteorology and oceanography and are rapidly spreading to other areas of the geosciences and of continuum physics. The long-term, nonlinear stability of such a system…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-13 Alberto Carrassi , Michael Ghil , Anna Trevisan , Francesco Uboldi

In this paper we propose the use of a continuous data assimilation algorithm for miscible flow models in a porous medium. In the absence of initial conditions for the model, observed sparse measurements are used to generate an approximation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-06-23 Hakima Bessaih , Victor Ginting , Bradley McCaskill

Motivated by the presence of a finite number of determining parameters (degrees of freedom) such as modes, nodes and local spatial averages for dissipative dynamical systems, we present a continuous data assimilation algorithm for the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-08-26 Débora A. F. Albanez , Helena J. Nussenzveig Lopes , Edriss S. Titi

We study a discrete-in-time data-assimilation algorithm based on nudging through a time-delayed feedback control in which the observational measurements have been contaminated by a Gaussian noise process. In the context of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-09-08 Emine Celik , Eric Olson

We consider data assimilation for the heat equation using a finite element space semi-discretization. The approach is optimization based, but the design of regularization operators and parameters rely on techniques from the theory of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-09-19 Erik Burman , Lauri Oksanen

This paper improves the spectrally-filtered direct-insertion downscaling method for discrete-in-time data assimilation by introducing a relaxation parameter that overcomes a constraint on the observation frequency. Numerical simulations…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Emine Celik , Eric Olson

We consider a recently introduced continuous data assimilation (CDA) approach for downscaling a coarse resolution configuration of the 2D Benard convection equations into a finer grid. In this CDA, a nudging term, estimated as the misfit…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-12-22 M. U. Altaf , E. S. Titi , O. M. Knio , L. Zhao , M. F. McCabe , I. Hoteit

Consider a continuous dynamical system for which partial information about its current state is observed at a sequence of discrete times. Discrete data assimilation inserts these observational measurements of the reference dynamical system…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-05-20 Kevin Hayden , Eric Olson , Edriss S. Titi

We propose a numerical approximation method for the Cahn-Hilliard equations that incorporates continuous data assimilation in order to achieve long time accuracy. The method uses a C$^0$ interior penalty spatial discretization of the fourth…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Amanda E. Diegel , Leo G. Rebholz

Developing robust data assimilation methods for hyperbolic conservation laws is a challenging subject. Those PDEs indeed show no dissipation effects and the input of additional information in the model equations may introduce errors that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-27 Anne-Céline Boulanger , Philippe Moireau , Benoit Perthame , Jacques Sainte-Marie

Sparse sensor networks in weather and ocean modeling observe only a small fraction of the system state, which destabilizes standard nudging-based data assimilation. We introduce Interpolated Discrepancy Data Assimilation (IDDA), which…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-03 Tong Wu , Humberto Godinez , Vitaliy Gyrya , James M. Hyman