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Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass safety guardrails to elicit harmful outputs. Existing approaches overwhelmingly operate within the prompt-optimization paradigm: whether through traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Rongzhe Wei , Peizhi Niu , Xinjie Shen , Tony Tu , Yifan Li , Ruihan Wu , Eli Chien , Pin-Yu Chen , Olgica Milenkovic , Pan Li

Training AI models has always been challenging, especially when there is a need for custom models to provide personalized services. Algorithm engineers often face a lengthy process to iteratively develop models tailored to specific business…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Haoyuan Li , Hao Jiang , Tianke Zhang , Zhelun Yu , Aoxiong Yin , Hao Cheng , Siming Fu , Yuhao Zhang , Wanggui He

Agentic methods have emerged as a powerful and autonomous paradigm that enhances reasoning, collaboration, and adaptive control, enabling systems to coordinate and independently solve complex tasks. We extend this paradigm to safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Juan Ren , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

LLM agents operating in open environments face escalating risks from indirect prompt injection, particularly within the tool stream where manipulated metadata and runtime feedback hijack execution flow. Existing defenses encounter a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Junda Lin , Zhaomeng Zhou , Zhi Zheng , Shuochen Liu , Tong Xu , Yong Chen , Enhong Chen

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) have enabled powerful autonomous agents capable of complex reasoning and multi-modal tool use. Despite their growing capabilities, today's agent frameworks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Peiran Li , Xinkai Zou , Zhuohang Wu , Ruifeng Li , Shuo Xing , Hanwen Zheng , Zhikai Hu , Yuping Wang , Haoxi Li , Qin Yuan , Yingmo Zhang , Zhengzhong Tu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive fluency and reasoning capabilities, but their potential for misuse has raised growing concern. In this paper, we present ScamAgent, an autonomous multi-turn agent built on top of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Sanket Badhe

This paper presents a secure-by-construction planning and control framework for multi-agent systems subject to linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications. The framework protects sensitive information from a passive intruder with partial…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-14 Georgios Mitsos , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Siyuan Liu

Evaluating the safety of frontier AI systems is an increasingly important concern, helping to measure the capabilities of such models and identify risks before deployment. However, it has been recognised that if AI agents are aware that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Joel Dyer , Daniel Jarne Ornia , Nicholas Bishop , Anisoara Calinescu , Michael Wooldridge

Web agents, powered by large language models (LLMs), are increasingly deployed to automate complex web interactions. The rise of open-source frameworks (e.g., Browser Use, Skyvern-AI) has accelerated adoption, but also broadened the attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xinyi Wu , Geng Hong , Yueyue Chen , MingXuan Liu , Feier Jin , Xudong Pan , Jiarun Dai , Baojun Liu

This position paper argues that enforcing LLM agent safety within a single abstraction layer is not merely suboptimal but categorically insufficient for deployed LLM agents -- a structural consequence of how agent execution works, not a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 S. Bensalem , Y. Dong , M. Franzle , X. Huang , J. Kroger , D. Nickovic , A. Nouri , R. Roy , C. Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various domains but remain vulnerable to adversarial jailbreak attacks. Existing prompt-defense strategies, including parameter-modifying and parameter-free approaches, face…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Ziyi Ni , Hao Wang , Huacan Wang

When Agent A delegates to Agent B, which invokes Tool C on behalf of User X, no existing framework can answer: whose authorization chain led to this action, and where did it violate policy? This paper introduces SentinelAgent, a formal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-06 KrishnaSaiReddy Patil

Continual memory augmentation lets computer-using agents (CUAs) learn from prior interactions, but unvetted memories can encode domain-inappropriate or unsafe heuristics--spurious rules that drift from user intent and safety constraints. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Thong Q. Nguyen , Shubhang Desai , Raja Hasnain Anwar , Firoz Shaik , Vishwas Suryanarayanan , Vishal Chowdhary

Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly become integral to numerous applications in critical domains where reliability is paramount. Despite significant advances in safety frameworks and guardrails, current protective measures exhibit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Bibek Upadhayay , Vahid Behzadan , Ph. D

Personal AI agents like OpenClaw run with elevated privileges on users' local machines, where a single successful prompt injection can leak credentials, redirect financial transactions, or destroy files. This threat goes well beyond…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Bowen Wei , Yunbei Zhang , Jinhao Pan , Kai Mei , Xiao Wang , Jihun Hamm , Ziwei Zhu , Yingqiang Ge

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents, their integration into interactive environments and tool use introduce new safety challenges beyond those associated with the models themselves. However, the absence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zhexin Zhang , Shiyao Cui , Yida Lu , Jingzhuo Zhou , Junxiao Yang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Intelligent agent systems based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in real-world applications. However, existing agent frameworks still face critical limitations in task planning and execution, restricting their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Junjie Chen , Haitao Li , Jingli Yang , Yiqun Liu , Qingyao Ai

Large language model (LLM)-based computer-use agents represent a convergence of AI and OS capabilities, enabling natural language to control system- and application-level functions. However, due to LLMs' inherent uncertainty issues,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Haochen Gong , Chenxiao Li , Rui Chang , Wenbo Shen

Guardrails are a critical safety layer for modern AI systems, but their operating regime is changing. As LLMs are deployed as customized assistants, safety policies are increasingly specified at inference time by users, organizations, or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Nanxi Li , Zhengyue Zhao , Chaowei Xiao

While it is still unclear if agents with Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) could ever be built, we can already use mathematical models to investigate potential safety systems for these agents. We present an AGI safety layer that creates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Koen Holtman