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Transformer-based models have achieved remarkable success in natural language and vision tasks, but their application to gene expression analysis remains limited due to data sparsity, high dimensionality, and missing values. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Shuai Jiang , Saeed Hassanpour

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is essential for adapting large language models (LLMs), with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) being the most popular approach. However, LoRA suffers from slow convergence, and some recent LoRA variants, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Chenlu Guo , Yuan Wu , Yi Chang

Large language models (LLMs) show great promise in healthcare, but their applications are hindered by data privacy restrictions and the challenges of cross-institution collaboration. Sensitive medical data cannot be centralized, while…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zeyu Chen , Yun Ji , Bowen Wang , Liwen Shi , Zijie Zeng , Sheng Zhang

While post-training compression techniques effectively reduce the memory footprint, latency, and power consumption of Large Language Models (LLMs), they often result in noticeable accuracy degradation and remain limited by hardware and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed both everyday life and scientific research. However, adapting LLMs from general-purpose models to specialized tasks remains challenging, particularly in resource-constrained environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Hao Zhang , Bo Huang , Zhenjia Li , Xi Xiao , Hui Yi Leong , Zumeng Zhang , Xinwei Long , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method for Large Language Models (LLMs), yet it still incurs notable overhead and suffers from parameter interference in multi-task scenarios. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Juzheng Zhang , Jiacheng You , Ashwinee Panda , Tom Goldstein

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a crucial approach for adapting large foundational models to specific tasks, particularly as model sizes continue to grow exponentially. Among PEFT methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Igor Sokolov , Abdurakhmon Sadiev , Yury Demidovich , Fawaz S Al-Qahtani , Peter Richtárik

With the increasing size of pre-trained language models (PLMs), fine-tuning all the parameters in the model is not efficient, especially when there are a large number of downstream tasks, which incur significant training and storage costs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Feiyu Zhang , Liangzhi Li , Junhao Chen , Zhouqiang Jiang , Bowen Wang , Yiming Qian

While Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables parameter-efficient fine-tuning for Large Language Models (LLMs), its performance often falls short of Full Fine-Tuning (Full FT). Current methods optimize LoRA by initializing with static singular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Chenghao Fan , Zhenyi Lu , Sichen Liu , Chengfeng Gu , Xiaoye Qu , Wei Wei , Yu Cheng

Artificially intelligent (AI) co-scientists must be able to sift through research literature cost-efficiently while applying nuanced scientific reasoning. We evaluate Small Language Models (SLMs, <= 8B parameters) for classifying medical…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Muhammed Muaaz Dawood , Mohammad Zaid Moonsamy , Kaela Kokkas , Hairong Wang , Robert F. Breiman , Richard Klein , Emmanuel K. Sekyi , Bruce A. Bassett

The use of low-rank adaptation (LoRA) with frozen pretrained language models (PLMs) has become increasing popular as a mainstream, resource-efficient modeling approach for memory-constrained hardware. In this study, we first explore how to…

We introduce ProLoRA, enabling zero-shot adaptation of parameter-efficient fine-tuning in text-to-image diffusion models. ProLoRA transfers pre-trained low-rank adjustments (e.g., LoRA) from a source to a target model without additional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Farzad Farhadzadeh , Debasmit Das , Shubhankar Borse , Fatih Porikli

In fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), conserving computational resources while maintaining effectiveness and improving outcomes within the same computational constraints is crucial. The Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) strategy balances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Xiaojun Xiao , Sen Shen , Qiming Bao , Hongfei Rong , Kairui Liu , Zhongsheng Wang , Jiamou Liu

With the breakthrough of Transformer-based pre-trained models, the demand for fine-tuning (FT) to adapt the base pre-trained models to downstream applications continues to grow, so it is essential for service providers to reduce the cost of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sheng Lin , Fangcheng Fu , Haoyang Li , Hao Ge , Xuanyu Wang , Jiawen Niu , Yaofeng Tu , Bin Cui

Medical professionals, especially those in training, often depend on visual reference materials to support an accurate diagnosis and develop pattern recognition skills. However, existing resources may lack the diversity and accessibility…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Kanishk Choudhary

Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a powerful method for fine-tuning large-scale foundation models. Despite its popularity, the theoretical understanding of LoRA has remained limited. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Tuan Truong , Chau Nguyen , Huy Nguyen , Minh Le , Trung Le , Nhat Ho

We present a fine-tuned RoBERTa-base classifier (125M parameters) for mapping Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) descriptions to Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) categories. We construct a large-scale training dataset of 234,770…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Nikita Mosievskiy

Interpretability is often an essential requirement in medical imaging. Advanced deep learning methods are required to address this need for explainability and high performance. In this work, we investigate whether additional information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Luisa Gallee , Meinrad Beer , Michael Goetz

Domain adaptation of Pretrained Language Models (PTLMs) is typically achieved by unsupervised pretraining on target-domain text. While successful, this approach is expensive in terms of hardware, runtime and CO_2 emissions. Here, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Nina Poerner , Ulli Waltinger , Hinrich Schütze

Contrastive learning has become a popular solution for few-shot Name Entity Recognization (NER). The conventional configuration strives to reduce the distance between tokens with the same labels and increase the distance between tokens with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Mingchen Li , Yang Ye , Jeremy Yeung , Huixue Zhou , Huaiyuan Chu , Rui Zhang