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We develop foundations for a relational approach to quantum field theory (RQFT) based on the operational quantum reference frames (QRFs) framework considered in a relativistic setting. Unlike other efforts in combining QFT with QRFs, we use…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Samuel Fedida , Jan Głowacki

Symmetries are a central concept in our understanding of physics. In quantum theories, a quantum reference frame (QRF) can be used to distinguish between observables related by a symmetry. The framework of operational QRFs provides a means…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-09 Daan W. Janssen

We define the perspective of any quantum reference frame (QRF) and construct reversible transformations between different perspectives. This extends the framework of [arXiv:2110.13199] to non-ideal QRFs with finite resources such as energy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Sébastien Christophe Garmier , Ladina Hausmann , Esteban Castro-Ruiz

In general relativity, the description of spacetime relies on idealised rods and clocks, which identify a reference frame. In any concrete scenario, reference frames are associated to physical systems, which are ultimately quantum in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Flaminia Giacomini

We provide a possible fully geometric formulation of the core idea of quantum reference frames (QRFs) as it has been applied in the context of gravity, freeing its definition from unnecessary (though convenient) ingredients, such as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-23 Daniel A. Turolla Vanzella , Jeremy Butterfield

Given the recent interest in perspectival quantum reference frames (QRFs), we ask how quantum properties in the perspectival picture relate to their global, non-perspectival counterparts. It is instructive to establish this link, as most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Everett A. Patterson , Sijia Wang , Robert B. Mann

Reference frames are of special importance in physics. They are usually considered to be idealized entities. However, in most situations, e.g. in laboratories, physical processes are described within reference frames constituted by physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-26 Jan Tuziemski

In a quantum world, reference frames are ultimately quantum systems too -- but what does it mean to "jump into the perspective of a quantum particle"? In this work, we show that quantum reference frame (QRF) transformations appear naturally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-01 Marius Krumm , Philipp A. Hoehn , Markus P. Mueller

Quantum reference frames provide a relational description of multipartite quantum systems in which physical states and observables are defined relative to quantum observers. Yet different observers can assign different entropies to the same…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Anne-Catherine de la Hamette

Measurement outcomes of a quantum state can be genuinely random (unpredictable) according to the basic laws of quantum mechanics. The Heisenberg-Robertson uncertainty relation puts constrains on the accuracy of two noncommuting observables.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-13 Xiao Yuan , Ge Bai , Tianyi Peng , Xiongfeng Ma

Given the importance of quantum reference frames (QRFs) to both quantum and gravitational physics, it is pertinent to develop a systematic method for switching between the descriptions of physics relative to different choices of QRFs, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Augustin Vanrietvelde , Philipp A. Hoehn , Flaminia Giacomini

We consider the process of changing reference frames in the case where the reference frames are quantum systems. We find that, as part of this process, decoherence is necessarily induced on any quantum system described relative to these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-23 Matthew C. Palmer , Florian Girelli , Stephen D. Bartlett

The standard formulation of quantum theory relies on a fixed space-time metric determining the localisation and causal order of events. In general relativity, the metric is influenced by matter, and is expected to become indefinite when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-08 Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Flaminia Giacomini , Alessio Belenchia , Časlav Brukner

The wave function of quantum mechanics is not a boost invariant and gauge invariant quantity. Correspondingly, reference frame dependence and gauge dependence are inherited to most of the elements of the usual formulation of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-17 T. Fulop , S. D. Katz

Recent works in foundations of quantum (field) theory and relativistic quantum information try to better grasp the interplay between the structure of quantum correlations and the constraints imposed by causality on physical operations.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-14 Issam Ibnouhsein

We develop an operational framework, combining relativistic quantum measurement theory with quantum reference frames (QRFs), in which local measurements of a quantum field on a background with symmetries are performed relative to a QRF.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-12-20 Christopher J. Fewster , Daan W. Janssen , Leon Deryck Loveridge , Kasia Rejzner , James Waldron

A prominent formulation of the uncertainty principle identifies the fundamental quantum feature that no particle may be prepared with certain outcomes for both position and momentum measurements. Often the statistical uncertainties are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-08 Fabian Furrer , Mario Berta , Marco Tomamichel , Volkher B. Scholz , Matthias Christandl

The formalism of nonrelativistic quantum physics was originally considered in the context of inertial frames. Here, we report on a more general framework that includes noninertial frames and arbitrarily strong gravitational fields. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-08-13 Riccardo Falcone

Under the principle that quantum mechanical observables are invariant under relevant symmetry transformations, we explore how the usual, non-invariant quantities may capture measurement statistics. Using a relativisation mapping, viewed as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 Leon Loveridge , Paul Busch , Takayuki Miyadera

In general relativity, the causal structure between events is dynamical, but it is definite and observer-independent; events are point-like and the membership of an event A in the future or past light-cone of an event B is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-13 Philippe Allard Guérin , Časlav Brukner