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Multimodal Large Models (MLMs) are becoming a significant research focus, combining powerful large language models with multimodal learning to perform complex tasks across different data modalities. This review explores the latest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xinji Mai , Zeng Tao , Junxiong Lin , Haoran Wang , Yang Chang , Yanlan Kang , Yan Wang , Wenqiang Zhang

While language reasoning models excel in many tasks, visual reasoning remains challenging for current large multimodal models (LMMs). As a result, most LMMs default to verbalizing perceptual content into text, a strong limitation for tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 André G. Viveiros , Nuno Gonçalves , Matthias Lindemann , André Martins

The rise of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has become a transformative force in the field of artificial intelligence, enabling machines to process and generate content across multiple modalities, such as text, images, audio, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ming Li , Keyu Chen , Ziqian Bi , Ming Liu , Xinyuan Song , Zekun Jiang , Tianyang Wang , Benji Peng , Qian Niu , Junyu Liu , Jinlang Wang , Sen Zhang , Xuanhe Pan , Jiawei Xu , Pohsun Feng

Multimodal sentiment analysis aims to recognize people's attitudes from multiple communication channels such as verbal content (i.e., text), voice, and facial expressions. It has become a vibrant and important research topic in natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Xingbo Wang , Jianben He , Zhihua Jin , Muqiao Yang , Yong Wang , Huamin Qu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in general vision-language tasks. However, recent studies have exposed critical limitations in their spatial reasoning capabilities. This deficiency in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Huanyu Zhang , Chengzu Li , Wenshan Wu , Shaoguang Mao , Yifan Zhang , Haochen Tian , Ivan Vulić , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan , Furu Wei

Current large vision-language models (LVLMs) typically employ a connector module to link visual features with text embeddings of large language models (LLMs) and use end-to-end training to achieve multi-modal understanding in a unified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zixian Guo , Ming Liu , Qilong Wang , Zhilong Ji , Jinfeng Bai , Lei Zhang , Wangmeng Zuo

Visual language reasoning requires a system to extract text or numbers from information-dense images like charts or plots and perform logical or arithmetic reasoning to arrive at an answer. To tackle this task, existing work relies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Peifang Wang , Olga Golovneva , Armen Aghajanyan , Xiang Ren , Muhao Chen , Asli Celikyilmaz , Maryam Fazel-Zarandi

With the rapid evolution of multimodal large language models, the capacity to deeply understand and interpret human intentions has emerged as a critical capability, which demands detailed and thoughtful reasoning. In recent studies,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Qize Yang , Shimin Yao , Weixuan Chen , Shenghao Fu , Detao Bai , Jiaxing Zhao , Boyuan Sun , Bowen Yin , Xihan Wei , Jingren Zhou

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enhance the capabilities of standard large language models by integrating and processing data from multiple modalities, including text, vision, audio, video, and 3D environments. Data plays a pivotal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Tianyi Bai , Hao Liang , Binwang Wan , Yanran Xu , Xi Li , Shiyu Li , Ling Yang , Bozhou Li , Yifan Wang , Bin Cui , Ping Huang , Jiulong Shan , Conghui He , Binhang Yuan , Wentao Zhang

Multimodal reasoning is a process of understanding, integrating and inferring information across different data modalities. It has recently attracted surging academic attention as a benchmark for Artificial Intelligence (AI). Although there…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Fenghua Cheng , Jinxiang Wang , Sen Wang , Zi Huang , Xue Li

Recent advances in text-only large language models (LLMs), such as DeepSeek-R1, demonstrate remarkable reasoning ability. However, these models remain fragile or entirely incapable when extended to multi-modal tasks. Existing approaches…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Weijia Zhang , Zijia Liu , Haoru Li , Haoqi Chen , Jiaxuan You

Building on recent advances in language-based reasoning models, we explore multimodal reasoning that integrates vision and text. Existing multimodal benchmarks primarily test visual extraction combined with text-based reasoning, lacking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Mert Unsal , Aylin Akkus

Existing vision-language understanding benchmarks largely consist of images of objects in their usual contexts. As a consequence, recent multimodal large language models can perform well with only a shallow visual understanding by relying…

A common assumption in Computational Linguistics is that text representations learnt by multimodal models are richer and more human-like than those by language-only models, as they are grounded in images or audio -- similar to how human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Anna Bavaresco , Raquel Fernández

Deep Learning has implemented a wide range of applications and has become increasingly popular in recent years. The goal of multimodal deep learning (MMDL) is to create models that can process and link information using various modalities.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Jabeen Summaira , Xi Li , Amin Muhammad Shoib , Jabbar Abdul

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models have showcased remarkable capabilities. However, they often falter when confronted with complex reasoning tasks that humans typically address through visual aids and deliberate,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Yikun Wang , Siyin Wang , Qinyuan Cheng , Zhaoye Fei , Liang Ding , Qipeng Guo , Dacheng Tao , Xipeng Qiu

Multimodal reasoning is a challenging task that requires models to reason across multiple modalities to answer questions. Existing approaches have made progress by incorporating language and visual modalities into a two-stage reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Cheng Tan , Jingxuan Wei , Zhangyang Gao , Linzhuang Sun , Siyuan Li , Ruifeng Guo , Bihui Yu , Stan Z. Li

Vision-language models (VLMs) excel at multimodal understanding, yet their text-only decoding forces them to verbalize visual reasoning, limiting performance on tasks that demand visual imagination. Recent attempts train VLMs to render…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Zeyuan Yang , Xueyang Yu , Delin Chen , Maohao Shen , Chuang Gan

Existing multimodal reasoning models and frameworks suffer from fundamental architectural limitations: most lack the human-like ability to autonomously explore diverse reasoning pathways-whether in direct inference, tool-driven visual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Yifu Guo , Zishan Xu , Zhiyuan Yao , Yuquan Lu , Jiaye Lin , Sen Hu , Zhenheng Tang , Huacan Wang , Ronghao Chen

Deep Learning and its applications have cascaded impactful research and development with a diverse range of modalities present in the real-world data. More recently, this has enhanced research interests in the intersection of the Vision and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Shagun Uppal , Sarthak Bhagat , Devamanyu Hazarika , Navonil Majumdar , Soujanya Poria , Roger Zimmermann , Amir Zadeh