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Background: Metacognition has gained significant attention for its potential to enhance autonomy and adaptability of artificial agents but remains a fragmented field: diverse theories, terminologies, and design choices have led to…

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) requires developers and designers of AI systems to focus on the collaboration between humans and machines. AI explanations of system behavior and reasoning are vital for effective…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Ruben S. Verhagen , Siddharth Mehrotra , Mark A. Neerincx , Catholijn M. Jonker , Myrthe L. Tielman

Conceptual modeling (CM) applies abstraction to reduce the complexity of a system under study (e.g., an excerpt of reality). As a result of the conceptual modeling process a human interpretable, formalized representation (i.e., a conceptual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Dominik Bork

Cybersecurity decision-making increasingly occurs in environments characterized by uncertainty, partial observability, and adversarial manipulation, where heterogeneous signals from multiple sources are often incomplete, ambiguous, or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Andrei Kojukhov , Arkady Bovshover

The need for explanations in AI has, by and large, been driven by the desire to increase the transparency of black-box machine learning models. However, such explanations, which focus on the internal mechanisms that lead to a specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Laura Spillner , Nima Zargham , Mihai Pomarlan , Robert Porzel , Rainer Malaka

Self-recognition is a crucial metacognitive capability for AI systems, relevant not only for psychological analysis but also for safety, particularly in evaluative scenarios. Motivated by contradictory interpretations of whether models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xiaoyan Bai , Aryan Shrivastava , Ari Holtzman , Chenhao Tan

In this paper we present a computational modeling account of an active self in artificial agents. In particular we focus on how an agent can be equipped with a sense of control and how it arises in autonomous situated action and, in turn,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Sebastian Kahl , Sebastian Wiese , Nele Russwinkel , Stefan Kopp

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance improvements and the ability to learn domain-specific languages (DSLs), including APIs and tool interfaces. This capability has enabled the creation of AI agents that can…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Charles Fleming , Luca Muscariello , Vijoy Pandey , Ramana Kompella

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems continue to grow in size and complexity, so does the difficulty of the quest for AI transparency. In a world of large models and complex AI systems, why do we explain AI and what should we explain?…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Karina Cortinas-Lorenzo , Gavin Doherty

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has ushered in a transformative paradigm in artificial intelligence, Agentic AI, where intelligent agents exhibit goal-directed autonomy, contextual reasoning, and dynamic multi-agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Hana Derouiche , Zaki Brahmi , Haithem Mazeni

The possibility of LLM self-awareness and even sentience is gaining increasing public attention and has major safety and policy implications, but the science of measuring them is still in a nascent state. Here we introduce a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Christopher Ackerman

The path to higher network autonomy in 6G lies beyond the mere optimization of key performance indicators (KPIs), requiring systems that perceive and reason over the network environment as it is. This can be achieved through agentic AI,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hatim Chergui , Farhad Rezazadeh , Merouane Debbah , Christos Verikoukis

As particle accelerators grow in complexity, traditional control methods face increasing challenges in achieving optimal performance. This paper envisions a paradigm shift: a decentralized multi-agent framework for accelerator control,…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Antonin Sulc , Thorsten Hellert , Raimund Kammering , Hayden Hoschouer , Jason St. John

This article reviews meta-learning also known as learning-to-learn which seeks rapid and accurate model adaptation to unseen tasks with applications in highly automated AI, few-shot learning, natural language processing and robotics. Unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Huimin Peng

Language models (LMs) are sentence-completion engines trained on massive corpora. LMs have emerged as a significant breakthrough in natural-language processing, providing capabilities that go far beyond sentence completion including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Robert E. Wray , III , James R. Kirk , John E. Laird

The Web of Agents (WoA) transforms the document-centric Web into an environment of autonomous agents acting on users' behalf, a vision newly tractable as large language models (LLMs) mature. We argue that across three decades the WoA has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Tatiana Petrova , Boris Bliznioukov , Aleksandr Puzikov , Radu State

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational to modern AI agent systems, enabling autonomous agents to reason and plan. In most existing systems, inter-agent communication relies primarily on natural language. While this design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Pengcheng Zhou , Yinglun Feng , Halimulati Julaiti , Zhongliang Yang

In this paper, we introduce the AI Search Paradigm, a comprehensive blueprint for next-generation search systems capable of emulating human information processing and decision-making. The paradigm employs a modular architecture of four…

This paper presents a comprehensive five-stage evolutionary framework for understanding the development of artificial intelligence, arguing that its trajectory mirrors the historical progression of human cognitive technologies. We posit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Xinmin Fang , Lingfeng Tao , Zhengxiong Li

There is growing consensus that language model (LM) developers should not be the sole deciders of LM behavior, creating a need for methods that enable the broader public to collectively shape the behavior of LM systems that affect them. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Saffron Huang , Divya Siddarth , Liane Lovitt , Thomas I. Liao , Esin Durmus , Alex Tamkin , Deep Ganguli