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Human and robot partners increasingly need to work together to perform tasks as a team. Robots designed for such collaboration must reason about how their task-completion strategies interplay with the behavior and skills of their human team…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Michelle Zhao , Reid Simmons , Henny Admoni

Adaptation is the cornerstone of effective collaboration among heterogeneous team members. In human-agent teams, artificial agents need to adapt to their human partners in real time, as individuals often have unique preferences and policies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Benjamin Li , Shuyang Shi , Lucia Romero , Huao Li , Yaqi Xie , Woojun Kim , Stefanos Nikolaidis , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara , Simon Stepputtis

In the evolving landscape of human-autonomy teaming (HAT), fostering effective collaboration and trust between human and autonomous agents is increasingly important. To explore this, we used the game Overcooked AI to create dynamic teaming…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Anthony J. Ries , Stéphane Aroca-Ouellette , Alessandro Roncone , Ewart J. de Visser

In many coordination problems, independently reasoning humans are able to discover mutually compatible policies. In contrast, independently trained self-play policies are often mutually incompatible. Zero-shot coordination (ZSC) has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Johannes Treutlein , Michael Dennis , Caspar Oesterheld , Jakob Foerster

Effective coordination among unfamiliar partners remains a major challenge in multi-agent systems. Existing approaches, such as population-based methods, improve robustness through diversity but often lack mechanisms for efficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Huai-Chih Wang , Hsiang-Chun Chuang , Hsi-Chun Cheng , Dai-Jie Wu , Shao-Hua Sun

Zero-shot coordination (ZSC) remains a major challenge in the cooperative AI field, which aims to learn an agent to cooperate with an unseen partner in training environments or even novel environments. In recent years, a popular ZSC…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Yin Gu , Qi Liu , Zhi Li , Kai Zhang

In-Context Reinforcement Learning (ICRL) has enabled foundation agents to adapt instantaneously to novel tasks, yet its efficacy in Ad-Hoc Teamwork (AHT)-where coordination with unknown partners is required-remains unexplored. To rigorously…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yuheng Jing , Kai Li , Ziwen Zhang , Jiajun Zhang , Zeyao Ma , Jiaxi Yang , Lei Zhang , Zhe Wu , Jinmin He , Junliang Xing , Jian Cheng

Real-world multi-agent systems may require ad hoc teaming, where an agent must coordinate with other previously unseen teammates to solve a task in a zero-shot manner. Prior work often either selects a pretrained policy based on an inferred…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Rupal Nigam , Niket Parikh , Hamid Osooli , Mikihisa Yuasa , Jacob Heglund , Huy T. Tran

While advances in multi-agent learning have enabled the training of increasingly complex agents, most existing techniques produce a final policy that is not designed to adapt to a new partner's strategy. However, we would like our AI agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Andy Shih , Stefano Ermon , Dorsa Sadigh

Future warfare will occur in more complex, fast-paced, ill-structured, and demanding conditions that will stress current Command and Control (C2) systems. Without modernization, these C2 systems may fail to maintain overmatch against…

Zero-shot coordination(ZSC), a key challenge in multi-agent game theory, has become a hot topic in reinforcement learning (RL) research recently, especially in complex evolving games. It focuses on the generalization ability of agents,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Bingyu Hui , Lebin Yu , Quanming Yao , Yunpeng Qu , Xudong Zhang , Jian Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning abilities for planning long-horizon, real-world tasks, yet existing agent benchmarks focus on task completion while neglecting time efficiency in parallel and asynchronous operations. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shiqi Zhang , Xinbei Ma , Yunqing Xu , Zouying Cao , Pengrui Lu , Haobo Yuan , Tiancheng Shen , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao , Ming-Hsuan Yang

The standard problem setting in cooperative multi-agent settings is self-play (SP), where the goal is to train a team of agents that works well together. However, optimal SP policies commonly contain arbitrary conventions ("handshakes") and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Brandon Cui , Hengyuan Hu , Luis Pineda , Jakob N. Foerster

Effective communication is an important skill for enabling information exchange in multi-agent settings and emergent communication is now a vibrant field of research, with common settings involving discrete cheap-talk channels. Since, by…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Kalesha Bullard , Douwe Kiela , Franziska Meier , Joelle Pineau , Jakob Foerster

This paper describes a research study that aims to investigate changes in effective communication during human-AI collaboration with special attention to the perception of competence among team members and varying levels of task load placed…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Andres Rosero , Faustina Dinh , Ewart J. de Visser , Tyler Shaw , Elizabeth Phillips

We introduce Unsupervised Partner Design (UPD) - a population-free, multi-agent reinforcement learning framework for robust ad-hoc teamwork that adaptively generates training partners without requiring pretrained partners or manual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Constantin Ruhdorfer , Matteo Bortoletto , Victor Oei , Anna Penzkofer , Andreas Bulling

Zero-shot coordination (ZSC) is a significant challenge in multi-agent collaboration, aiming to develop agents that can coordinate with unseen partners they have not encountered before. Recent cutting-edge ZSC methods have primarily focused…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Yang Li , Dengyu Zhang , Junfan Chen , Ying Wen , Qingrui Zhang , Shaoshuai Mou , Wei Pan

In recent years, multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms have made significant advancements in diverse gaming environments, leading to increased interest in the broader application of such techniques. To address the prevalent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Dapeng Li , Hang Dong , Lu Wang , Bo Qiao , Si Qin , Qingwei Lin , Dongmei Zhang , Qi Zhang , Zhiwei Xu , Bin Zhang , Guoliang Fan

In collaborative tasks, being able to adapt to your teammates is a necessary requirement for success. When teammates are heterogeneous, such as in human-agent teams, agents need to be able to observe, recognize, and adapt to their human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Benjamin Li , Shuyang Shi , Lucia Romero , Huao Li , Yaqi Xie , Woojun Kim , Stefanos Nikolaidis , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara , Simon Stepputtis

One of the main challenges of advancing task-oriented learning such as visual task planning and reinforcement learning is the lack of realistic and standardized environments for training and testing AI agents. Previously, researchers often…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-03-15 Xiaofeng Gao , Ran Gong , Tianmin Shu , Xu Xie , Shu Wang , Song-Chun Zhu