"New" Challenges for Future C2: Commanding Soldier-Machine Partnerships
Abstract
Future warfare will occur in more complex, fast-paced, ill-structured, and demanding conditions that will stress current Command and Control (C2) systems. Without modernization, these C2 systems may fail to maintain overmatch against adversaries. We previously proposed robust partnerships between humans and artificial intelligence systems, and directly focusing on C2, we introduced how intelligent technologies could provide future overmatch through streamlining the C2 operations process, maintaining unity of effort across formations, and developing collective knowledge systems that adapt to battlefield dynamics across missions. Future C2 systems must seamlessly integrate human and machine intelligence to achieve decision advantage over adversaries while overcoming "new" challenges due to the technological advances driving fundamental changes in effective teaming, unity of effort, and meaningful human control. Here, we describe "new" C2 challenges and discuss pathways to transcend them, such as AI-enabled systems with effective human machine interfaces.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2503.08844,
title = {"New" Challenges for Future C2: Commanding Soldier-Machine Partnerships},
author = {Anna Madison and Kaleb McDowell and Vinicius G. Goecks and Jeff Hansberger and Ceili M. Olney and Claire Ahern and Amar Marathe and Nicholas Waytowich and Christian Kenney and Christopher Kelshaw},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.08844},
year = {2025}
}
Comments
Presented at the 2024 NATO STO Human Factors & Medicine Panel's Symposium on Meaningful Human Control in Information Warfare