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Distributional Reinforcement Learning (RL) maintains the entire probability distribution of the reward-to-go, i.e. the return, providing more learning signals that account for the uncertainty associated with policy performance, which may be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Luchen Li , A. Aldo Faisal

Test-time reinforcement learning (TTRL) enables large language models (LLMs) to self-improve on unlabeled inputs, but its effectiveness critically depends on how reward signals are estimated without ground-truth supervision. Most existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Bodong Du , Xuanqi Huang , Xiaomeng Li

Multi-task representation learning (MTRL) is an approach that learns shared latent representations across related tasks, facilitating collaborative learning that improves the overall learning efficiency. This paper studies MTRL for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yaoze Guo , Shana Moothedath

The aim of this paper is to propose diffusion strategies for distributed estimation over adaptive networks, assuming the presence of spatially correlated measurements distributed according to a Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) model. The…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Paolo Di Lorenzo

This work handles the inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) problem where only a small number of demonstrations are available from a demonstrator for each high-dimensional task, insufficient to estimate an accurate reward function. Observing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-16 Kun Li , Joel W. Burdick

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success, yet its deployment in real-world scenarios is often limited by vulnerability to environmental uncertainties. Distributionally robust RL (DR-RL) algorithms have been proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mingxuan Cui , Duo Zhou , Yuxuan Han , Grani A. Hanasusanto , Qiong Wang , Huan Zhang , Zhengyuan Zhou

Reward models are crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values and intentions. Existing approaches follow either Generative (GRMs) or Discriminative (DRMs) paradigms, yet both suffer from limitations: GRMs typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Longze Chen , Lu Wang , Renke Shan , Ze Gong , Run Luo , Jiaming Li , Jing Luo , Qiyao Wang , Min Yang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables policy learning from static data but often suffers from poor coverage of the state-action space and distributional shift problems. This problem can be addressed by allowing limited online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Soumyadeep Roy , Shashwat Kushwaha , Ambedkar Dukkipati

Controlled text generation tasks such as unsupervised text style transfer have increasingly adopted the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL). A major challenge in applying RL to such tasks is the sparse reward, which is available only after…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Bhargav Upadhyay , Akhilesh Sudhakar , Arjun Maheswaran

In this paper, we study the problem where a group of agents aim to collaboratively learn a common static latent function through streaming data. We propose a lightweight distributed Gaussian process regression (GPR) algorithm that is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Zhenyuan Yuan , Minghui Zhu

This paper studies offline reinforcement learning with linear function approximation in a setting with decision-theoretic, but not estimation sparsity. The structural restrictions of the data-generating process presume that the transitions…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-24 Angela Zhou

We present a framework for transfer learning based on modular variational Gaussian processes (GP). We develop a module-based method that having a dictionary of well fitted GPs, one could build ensemble GP models without revisiting any data.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-27 Pablo Moreno-Muñoz , Antonio Artés-Rodríguez , Mauricio A. Álvarez

Reward learning typically relies on a single feedback type or combines multiple feedback types using manually weighted loss terms. Currently, it remains unclear how to jointly learn reward functions from heterogeneous feedback types such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Raphaël Baur , Yannick Metz , Maria Gkoulta , Mennatallah El-Assady , Giorgia Ramponi , Thomas Kleine Buening

In recent years, meta-reinforcement learning (meta-RL) algorithm has been proposed to improve sample efficiency in the field of decision-making and control, enabling agents to learn new knowledge from a small number of samples. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Chenyang Qi , Huiping Li , Panfeng Huang

Kernel Regularized Least Squares (KRLS) is a popular method for flexibly estimating models that may have complex relationships between variables. However, its usefulness to many researchers is limited for two reasons. First, existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-12 Qing Chang , Max Goplerud

Distributional reinforcement learning (DRL) is a recent reinforcement learning framework whose success has been supported by various empirical studies. It relies on the key idea of replacing the expected return with the return distribution,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-09 Rahul Singh , Keuntaek Lee , Yongxin Chen

To overcome the sparse reward challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) for agents based on large language models (LLMs), we propose Mutual Information Self-Evaluation (MISE), an RL paradigm that utilizes hindsight generative self-evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jiashu Yao , Heyan Huang , Zeming Liu , Yuhang Guo

A key problem in structured output prediction is direct optimization of the task reward function that matters for test evaluation. This paper presents a simple and computationally efficient approach to incorporate task reward into a maximum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-05 Mohammad Norouzi , Samy Bengio , Zhifeng Chen , Navdeep Jaitly , Mike Schuster , Yonghui Wu , Dale Schuurmans

There is broad interest in creating RL agents that can solve many (related) tasks and adapt to new tasks and environments after initial training. Model-based RL leverages learned surrogate models that describe dynamics and rewards of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Christian F. Perez , Felipe Petroski Such , Theofanis Karaletsos

Gaussian processes (GPs) stand as crucial tools in machine learning and signal processing, with their effectiveness hinging on kernel design and hyper-parameter optimization. This paper presents a novel GP linear multiple kernel (LMK) and a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Richard Cornelius Suwandi , Zhidi Lin , Feng Yin , Zhiguo Wang , Sergios Theodoridis