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Square coloring is a variant of graph coloring where vertices within distance two must receive different colors. When considering planar graphs, the most famous conjecture (Wegner, 1977) states that $\frac32\Delta+1$ colors are sufficient…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-24 Nicolas Bousquet , Quentin Deschamps , Lucas de Meyer , Théo Pierron

This paper describes several new problems and ideas concerning algebraic geometry and complexity theory. It first uses the idea of coloring graphs with elements of finite fields. This procedure then shows that graph coloring problems can be…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Paul Hriljac

A recent lower bound on the number of edges in a k-critical n-vertex graph by Kostochka and Yancey yields a half-page proof of the celebrated Gr\"otzsch Theorem that every planar triangle-free graph is 3-colorable. In this paper we use the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-16 Oleg V. Borodin , Alexandr V. Kostochka , Bernard Lidický , Matthew Yancey

Motivated by recent work on majority edge-colourings of graphs, we initiate the study of the corresponding problem for hypergraphs. First, sharpening the probabilistic argument by a $KL$ large-deviation estimate, we obtain a sufficient…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Jiangdong Ai , Feiyu Nan

The paper deals with extremal problems concerning colorings of hypergraphs. By using a random recoloring algorithm we show that any $n$-uniform simple (i.e. every two distinct edges share at most one vertex) hypergraph $H$ with maximum edge…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-25 Jakub Kozik , Dmitry Shabanov

We investigate the power of graph isomorphism algorithms based on algebraic reasoning techniques like Gr\"obner basis computation. The idea of these algorithms is to encode two graphs into a system of equations that are satisfiable if and…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-02-23 Christoph Berkholz , Martin Grohe

We prove that in sparse Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi graphs of average degree $d$, the vector chromatic number (the relaxation of chromatic number coming from the Lov\`{a}sz theta function) is typically $\tfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{d} + o_d(1)$. This fits…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-07-08 Jess Banks , Luca Trevisan

The Total Colouring Conjecture suggests that $\Delta+3$ colours ought to suffice in order to provide a proper total colouring of every graph $G$ with maximum degree $\Delta$. Thus far this has been confirmed up to an additive constant…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-02 Jakub Przybyło

The distinguishing number of a graph $G$, denoted $D(G)$, is the minimum number of colors needed to produce a coloring of the vertices of $G$ so that every nontrivial isomorphism interchanges vertices of different colors. A list assignment…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-07 Michael Ferrara , Zoltan Furedi , Sogol Jahanbekam , Paul Wenger

A 2-distance list k-coloring of a graph is a proper coloring of the vertices where each vertex has a list of at least k available colors and vertices at distance at most 2 cannot share the same color. We prove the existence of a 2-distance…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-06 Hoang La

We prove new upper bounds for the degrees in Hilbert's Nullstellensatz and for the Noether exponent of polynomial ideals in terms of the monomial structure of the polynomials involved. Our bounds improve the previously known bounds in the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-07-02 Maria Isabel Herrero , Gabriela Jeronimo , Juan Sabia

A graph coloring has bounded clustering if each monochromatic component has bounded size. This paper studies such a coloring, where the number of colors depends on an excluded complete bipartite subgraph. This is a much weaker assumption…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-29 Chun-Hung Liu , David R. Wood

Understanding the role of randomness when solving locally checkable labeling (LCL) problems in the LOCAL model has been one of the top priorities in the research on distributed graph algorithms in recent years. For LCL problems in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Sebastian Brandt , Fabian Kuhn , Zahra Parsaeian

There exists a variety of coloring problems for plane graphs, involving vertices, edges, and faces in all possible combinations. For instance, in the \emph{entire coloring} of a plane graph we are to color these three sets so that any pair…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-07 Jarosław Grytczuk , Stanislav Jendrol' , Mariusz Zając

Graph coloring is one of the central problems in distributed graph algorithms. Much of the research on this topic has focused on coloring with $\Delta+1$ colors, where $\Delta$ denotes the maximum degree. Using $\Delta+1$ colors may be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-08-24 Mohsen Ghaffari , Christiana Lymouri

The $k$-Colouring problem is to decide if the vertices of a graph can be coloured with at most $k$ colours for a fixed integer $k$ such that no two adjacent vertices are coloured alike. If each vertex u must be assigned a colour from a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Tereza Klimošová , Josef Malík , Tomáš Masařík , Jana Novotná , Daniël Paulusma , Veronika Slívová

We obtain the following new coloring results: * A 3-colorable graph on $n$ vertices with maximum degree~$\Delta$ can be colored, in polynomial time, using $O((\Delta \log\Delta)^{1/3} \cdot\log{n})$ colors. This slightly improves an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Eran Halperin , Ram Nathaniel , Uri Zwick

We prove a new generalisation of Ramsey's theorem by showing that every $2$-edge-coloured graph with sufficiently large minimum degree contains a monochromatic induced subgraph whose minimum degree remains large. From this, we also derive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-17 Arnab Char , Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi , Lucas Picasarri-Arrieta

In this paper, an algorithm for determining 3-colorability, i.e. the decision problem (YES/NO), in planar graphs is presented. The algorithm, although not exact (it could produce false positives) has two very important features: (i) it has…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-02-01 Jose Antonio Martin H

Let $G$ be a simple graph with maximum degree $\Delta(G)$. A subgraph $H$ of $G$ is overfull if $|E(H)|>\Delta(G)\lfloor |V(H)|/2 \rfloor$. Chetwynd and Hilton in 1985 conjectured that a graph $G$ with $\Delta(G)>|V(G)|/3$ has chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-20 Michael J. Plantholt , Songling Shan