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Tiny machine learning (TinyML) promises to revolutionize fields such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, and industrial maintenance by running machine learning models on low-power embedded systems. However, the complex optimizations…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Emil Njor , Colby Banbury , Xenofon Fafoutis

This paper studies the merits of applying log-gradient input images to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for tinyML computer vision (CV). We show that log gradients enable: (i) aggressive 1.5-bit quantization of first-layer inputs, (ii)…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-08 Qianyun Lu , Boris Murmann

One of the challenges for Tiny Machine Learning (tinyML) is keeping up with the evolution of Machine Learning models from Convolutional Neural Networks to Transformers. We address this by leveraging a heterogeneous architectural template…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Philip Wiese , Gamze İslamoğlu , Moritz Scherer , Luka Macan , Victor J. B. Jung , Alessio Burrello , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini

Designing deep learning models for highly-constrained hardware would allow imbuing many edge devices with intelligence. Microcontrollers (MCUs) are an attractive platform for building smart devices due to their low cost, wide availability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Edgar Liberis , Nicholas D. Lane

In the last decade, Convolutional Neural Network with a multi-layer architecture has advanced rapidly. However, training its complex network is very space-consuming, since a lot of intermediate data are preserved across layers, especially…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Zhigang Wang , Hangyu Yang , Ning Wang , Chuanfei Xu , Jie Nie , Zhiqiang Wei , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

Memory optimization for deep neural network (DNN) inference gains high relevance with the emergence of TinyML, which refers to the deployment of DNN inference tasks on tiny, low-power microcontrollers. Applications such as audio keyword…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Rafael Stahl , Daniel Mueller-Gritschneder , Ulf Schlichtmann

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer an inherent ability to process spatial-temporal data, or in other words, realworld sensory data, but suffer from the difficulty of training high accuracy models. A major thread of research on SNNs is on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Dengyu Wu , Xinping Yi , Xiaowei Huang

Machine Learning (ML) applications on healthcare can have a great impact on people's lives helping deliver better and timely treatment to those in need. At the same time, medical data is usually big and sparse requiring important…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Dianbo Liu , Nestor Sepulveda , Ming Zheng

The deployment of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in many real world applications is largely hindered by their high computational cost. In this paper, we propose a novel learning scheme for CNNs to simultaneously 1) reduce the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-23 Zhuang Liu , Jianguo Li , Zhiqiang Shen , Gao Huang , Shoumeng Yan , Changshui Zhang

Deep learning and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have driven major transformations in diverse research areas. However, their limitations in handling low-frequency information present obstacles in certain tasks like interpreting global…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Fuzhi Wu , Jiasong Wu , Youyong Kong , Chunfeng Yang , Guanyu Yang , Huazhong Shu , Guy Carrault , Lotfi Senhadji

Edge computing for neural networks is getting important especially for low power applications and offline devices. TensorFlow Lite and PyTorch Mobile were released for this purpose. But they mainly support mobile devices instead of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Hasan Unlu

With the growing need for real-time processing on IoT devices, optimizing machine learning (ML) models' size, latency, and computational efficiency is essential. This paper investigates a pruning method for anomaly detection in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Fatemeh Dehrouyeh , Ibrahim Shaer , Soodeh Nikan , Firouz Badrkhani Ajaei , Abdallah Shami

Machine learning models have become an essential tool in current indoor positioning solutions, given their high capabilities to extract meaningful information from the environment. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are one of the most…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-19 Darwin Quezada-Gaibor , Joaquín Torres-Sospedra , Jari Nurmi , Yevgeni Koucheryavy , Joaquín Huerta

Implantable, closed-loop devices for automated early detection and stimulation of epileptic seizures are promising treatment options for patients with severe epilepsy that cannot be treated with traditional means. Most approaches for early…

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have revolutionized performances in several machine learning tasks such as image classification, object tracking, and keyword spotting. However, given that they contain a large number of parameters,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-28 Taruna Agrawal , Rahul Gupta , Shrikanth Narayanan

While there exist many ways to deploy machine learning models on microcontrollers, it is non-trivial to choose the optimal combination of frameworks and targets for a given application. Thus, automating the end-to-end benchmarking flow is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Philipp van Kempen , Rafael Stahl , Daniel Mueller-Gritschneder , Ulf Schlichtmann

To process sensor data in the Internet of Things(IoTs), embedded deep learning for 1-dimensional data is an important technique. In the past, CNNs were frequently used because they are simple to optimise for special embedded hardware such…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Chao Qian , Tianheng Ling , Gregor Schiele

1D-CNNs play a crucial role for time-series analysis on tiny smart sensor systems, e.g. for biosignal analysis, predictive maintenance, or structural health monitoring. LUTbased precomputation has emerged as an interesting optimization…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Lukas Einhaus , Natalie Maman , Julian Hoever , Andreas Erbslöh , Gregor Schiele

Traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) typically use the same activation function (usually ReLU) for all neurons with non-linear mapping operations. For example, the deep convolutional architecture Inception-v4 uses ReLU. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Luna M. Zhang

Deploying TinyML models on low-cost IoT hardware is very challenging, due to limited device memory capacity. Neural processing unit (NPU) hardware address the memory challenge by using model compression to exploit weight quantization and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Igor Fedorov , Ramon Matas , Hokchhay Tann , Chuteng Zhou , Matthew Mattina , Paul Whatmough
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