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Obtaining high-quality labels for large datasets is expensive, requiring massive annotations from human experts. While AI models offer a cost-effective alternative by predicting labels, their label quality is compromised by the unavoidable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Huipeng Huang , Wenbo Liao , Huajun Xi , Hao Zeng , Mengchen Zhao , Hongxin Wei

Online matching problems arise in many complex systems, from cloud services and online marketplaces to organ exchange networks, where timely, principled decisions are critical for maintaining high system performance. Traditional heuristics…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-09 Chiara Mignacco , Matthieu Jonckheere , Gilles Stoltz

We study fully dynamic online selection problems in an adversarial/stochastic setting that includes Bayesian online selection, prophet inequalities, posted price mechanisms, and stochastic probing problems subject to combinatorial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Vashist Avadhanula , Andrea Celli , Riccardo Colini-Baldeschi , Stefano Leonardi , Matteo Russo

Confidence calibration for classification models is vital in safety-critical decision-making scenarios and has received extensive attention. General confidence calibration methods assume training and test data are independent and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jinzong Dong , Zhaohui Jiang , Bo Yang

We study a theoretical and algorithmic framework for structured prediction in the online learning setting. The problem of structured prediction, i.e. estimating function where the output space lacks a vectorial structure, is well studied in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Pierre Boudart , Alessandro Rudi , Pierre Gaillard

While test-time scaling has enabled large language models to solve highly difficult tasks, state-of-the-art results come at exorbitant compute costs. These inefficiencies can be attributed to the miscalibration of post-trained language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Cai Zhou , Zekai Wang , Menghua Wu , Qianyu Julie Zhu , Flora C. Shi , Chenyu Wang , Ashia Wilson , Tommi Jaakkola , Stephen Bates

In deploying artificial intelligence (AI) models, selective prediction offers the option to abstain from making a prediction when uncertain about model quality. To fulfill its promise, it is crucial to enforce strict and precise error…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-27 Tian Bai , Ying Jin

Conformal prediction offers a practical framework for distribution-free uncertainty quantification, providing finite-sample coverage guarantees under relatively mild assumptions on data exchangeability. However, these assumptions cease to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-25 Derck W. E. Prinzhorn , Thijmen Nijdam , Putri A. van der Linden , Alexander Timans

Foundation models often generate unreliable answers, while heuristic uncertainty estimators fail to fully distinguish correct from incorrect outputs, causing users to accept erroneous answers without any statistical guarantee. We address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhiyuan Wang , Aniri , Tianlong Chen , Yue Zhang , Heng Tao Shen , Xiaoshuang Shi , Kaidi Xu

Continual Learning (CL) focuses on maximizing the predictive performance of a model across a non-stationary stream of data. Unfortunately, CL models tend to forget previous knowledge, thus often underperforming when compared with an offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Lanpei Li , Elia Piccoli , Andrea Cossu , Davide Bacciu , Vincenzo Lomonaco

Distribution-free predictive inference beyond the construction of prediction sets has gained a lot of interest in recent applications. One such application is the selection task, where the objective is to design a reliable selection rule to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-07 Yonghoon Lee , Zhimei Ren

Calibration requires predictor outputs to be consistent with their Bayesian posteriors. For machine learning predictors that do not distinguish between small perturbations, calibration errors are continuous in predictions, e.g., smooth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Jason Hartline , Yifan Wu , Yunran Yang

We consider the on-line predictive version of the standard problem of linear regression; the goal is to predict each consecutive response given the corresponding explanatory variables and all the previous observations. The standard…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-06-18 Vladimir Vovk , Ilia Nouretdinov , Alex Gammerman

Credal sets are sets of probability distributions that are considered as candidates for an imprecisely known ground-truth distribution. In machine learning, they have recently attracted attention as an appealing formalism for uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-19 Alireza Javanmardi , David Stutz , Eyke Hüllermeier

Conformal prediction provides model-agnostic and distribution-free uncertainty quantification through prediction sets that are guaranteed to include the ground truth with any user-specified probability. Yet, conformal prediction is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yan Scholten , Stephan Günnemann

Constructing valid confidence sets is a crucial task in statistical inference, yet traditional methods often face challenges when dealing with complex models or limited observed sample sizes. These challenges are frequently encountered in…

In many applications, accurate class probability estimates are required, but many types of models produce poor quality probability estimates despite achieving acceptable classification accuracy. Even though probability calibration has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Tim Leathart , Maksymilian Polaczuk

We study the properties of conformal prediction for network data under various sampling mechanisms that commonly arise in practice but often result in a non-representative sample of nodes. We interpret these sampling mechanisms as selection…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-14 Robert Lunde

Bin packing is a classic optimization problem with a wide range of applications, from load balancing to supply chain management. In this work, we study the online variant of the problem, in which a sequence of items of various sizes must be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Spyros Angelopoulos , Shahin Kamali , Kimia Shadkami

Conformal prediction methodologies have significantly advanced the quantification of uncertainties in predictive models. Yet, the construction of confidence regions for model parameters presents a notable challenge, often necessitating…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-30 Charles Guille-Escuret , Eugene Ndiaye