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Android is the largest mobile platform, yet automatically building applications remains a practical challenge. While Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for code repair, their use for fixing Android build errors remains underexplored.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Ha Min Son , Huan Ren , Xin Liu , Zhe Zhao

We present MobileGym, a browser-hosted, lightweight, fully controllable environment for everyday mobile use, targeting interaction fidelity without replicating proprietary backends. It enables two capabilities previously out of reach for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Dingbang Wu , Rui Hao , Haiyang Wang , Shuzhe Wu , Han Xiao , Zhenghong Li , Bojiang Zhou , Zheng Ju , Zichen Liu , Lue Fan , Zhaoxiang Zhang

App agents, which autonomously operate mobile Apps through Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), have gained significant interest in real-world applications. Yet, they often struggle with long-horizon planning, failing to find the optimal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Dezhao Luo , Bohan Tang , Kang Li , Georgios Papoudakis , Jifei Song , Shaogang Gong , Jianye Hao , Jun Wang , Kun Shao

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant progress in mobile agent development, yet their capabilities are predominantly confined to a reactive paradigm, where they merely execute explicit user commands. The emerging…

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems have been widely used by mobile phone intelligent assistants to accomplish tasks such as calendar scheduling or hotel reservation. Current TOD systems usually focus on multi-turn text/speech interaction,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Liangtai Sun , Xingyu Chen , Lu Chen , Tianle Dai , Zichen Zhu , Kai Yu

Autonomous, goal-driven agents powered by LLMs have recently emerged as promising tools for solving challenging problems without the need for task-specific finetuned models that can be expensive to procure. Currently, the design and…

Autonomous agents capable of planning, reasoning, and executing actions on the web offer a promising avenue for automating computer tasks. However, the majority of existing benchmarks primarily focus on text-based agents, neglecting many…

Smartphones have become indispensable in people's daily lives, permeating nearly every aspect of modern society. With the continuous advancement of large language models (LLMs), numerous LLM-based mobile agents have emerged. These agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Gowen Loo , Chang Liu , Qinghong Yin , Xiang Chen , Jiawei Chen , Jingyuan Zhang , Yu Tian

While a number of existing approaches for building foundation model agents rely on prompting or fine-tuning with human demonstrations, it is not sufficient in dynamic environments (e.g., mobile device control). On-policy reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Hao Bai , Yifei Zhou , Li Erran Li , Sergey Levine , Aviral Kumar

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown rapid progress in mobile GUI navigation. This paper presents a systematic study of data scaling, benchmarking, and reasoning for VLM-based agents in this domain. To facilitate rigorous evaluation, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Heng Qu , Yike Liu , Renren Jin , Wenzong Zhang , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan

With the remarkable advancements of large language models (LLMs), LLM-based agents have become a research hotspot in human-computer interaction. However, there is a scarcity of benchmarks available for LLM-based mobile agents. Benchmarking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Shihan Deng , Weikai Xu , Hongda Sun , Wei Liu , Tao Tan , Jianfeng Liu , Ang Li , Jian Luan , Bin Wang , Rui Yan , Shuo Shang

The rapid advancement in generative pre-training models is propelling a paradigm shift in technological progression from basic applications such as chatbots towards more sophisticated agent-based systems. It is with huge potential and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zhuoran Xiao , Chenhui Ye , Yunbo Hu , Honggang Yuan , Yihang Huang , Yijia Feng , Liyu Cai , Jiang Chang

This study proposes an intelligent multi-agent framework built on LLMs and VLMs and specifically tailored to robotics. The goal is to integrate the strengths of LLMs and VLMs with computational tools to automatically analyze and solve…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hamid Khabazi , Ali F. Meghdari , Alireza Taheri

GUIs are foundational to interactive systems and play a pivotal role in early requirements elicitation through prototyping. Ensuring that GUI implementations fulfill NL requirements is essential for robust software engineering, especially…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Kristian Kolthoff , Felix Kretzer , Simone Paolo Ponzetto , Alexander Maedche , Christian Bartelt

Limited by the small keyboard, most mobile apps support the automatic login feature for better user experience. Therefore, users avoid the inconvenience of retyping their ID and password when an app runs in the foreground again. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Wenna Song , Jiang Ming , Lin Jiang , Han Yan , Yi Xiang , Yuan Chen , Jianming Fu , Guojun Peng

Modern software applications demand efficient and reliable testing methodologies to ensure robust user interface functionality. This paper introduces an autonomous reinforcement learning (RL) agent integrated within a Behavior-Driven…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ali Hassaan Mughal

The rapid advancement of large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has propelled the development of pure-vision-based GUI Agents, capable of perceiving and operating Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) to autonomously fulfill user instructions.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Chenyu Yang , Shiqian Su , Shi Liu , Xuan Dong , Yue Yu , Weijie Su , Xuehui Wang , Zhaoyang Liu , Jinguo Zhu , Hao Li , Wenhai Wang , Yu Qiao , Xizhou Zhu , Jifeng Dai

Developing intelligent agents capable of operating a wide range of Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) with human-level proficiency is a key milestone on the path toward Artificial General Intelligence. While most existing datasets and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sen Chen , Tong Zhao , Yi Bin , Fei Ma , Wenqi Shao , Zheng Wang

Visual agent models for automating human activities on Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) have emerged as a promising research direction, driven by advances in large Vision Language Models (VLMs). A critical challenge in GUI automation is the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Joonhyung Park , Peng Tang , Sagnik Das , Srikar Appalaraju , Kunwar Yashraj Singh , R. Manmatha , Shabnam Ghadar

Mobile agents have made progress toward reliable smartphone automation, yet performance in complex applications remains limited by incomplete knowledge and weak generalization to unseen environments. We introduce a curiosity driven…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Sijia Li , Xiaoyu Tan , Shahir Ali , Niels Schmidt , Gengchen Ma , Xihe Qiu