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This paper presents a novel approach for performing computations using Look-Up Tables (LUTs) tailored specifically for Compute-in-Memory applications. The aim is to address the scalability challenges associated with LUT-based computation by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Peyman Dehghanzadeh , Baibhab Chatterjee , Swarup Bhunia

Traditional digital implementations of neural accelerators are limited by high power and area overheads, while analog and non-CMOS implementations suffer from noise, device mismatch, and reliability issues. This paper introduces a CMOS…

Unrolling a decoding algorithm allows to achieve extremely high throughput at the cost of increased area. Look-up tables (LUTs) can be used to replace functions otherwise implemented as circuits. In this work, we show the impact of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Pascal Giard , Syed Aizaz Ali Shah , Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming , Maximilian Stark , Gerhard Bauch

Ternary weight quantization (e.g., BitNet b1.58) offers a promising path to mitigate the memory bandwidth bottleneck in Large Language Model (LLM) inference. However, conventional compute platforms lack native support for ternary-weight…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Robin Geens , Joran Heldens , Joren Dumoulin , Marian Verhelst

Modular reduction is a crucial operation in many post-quantum cryptographic schemes, including the Kyber key exchange method or Dilithium signature scheme. However, it can be computationally expensive and pose a performance bottleneck in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Robin Müller , Willi Meier , Christoph F. Wildfeuer

This paper presents a novel algorithm for the modulus operation for FPGA implementation. The proposed algorithm use only addition, subtraction, logical, and bit shift operations, avoiding the complexities and hardware costs associated with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-10 W. A. Susantha Wijesinghe

Look-Up Table based methods have emerged as a promising direction for efficient image restoration tasks. Recent LUT-based methods focus on improving their performance by expanding the receptive field. However, they inevitably introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xiaolong Zeng , Yitong Yu , Shiyao Xiong , Jinhua Hao , Ming Sun , Chao Zhou , Bin Wang

Lookup tables (LUTs) have recently gained attention as an alternative compute mechanism that maps input operands to precomputed results, eliminating the need for arithmetic logic. LUTs not only reduce logic complexity, but also naturally…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Junguk Hong , Changmin Shin , Sukjin Kim , Si Ung Noh , Taehee Kwon , Seongyeon Park , Hanjun Kim , Youngsok Kim , Jinho Lee

In modern computing units, division operations are generally slower than other arithmetic operations and require more resources, such as area and power, than multiplication. To reduce the delay, fast division algorithms use an initial…

Barrett's algorithm is one of the most widely used methods for performing modular multiplication, a critical nonlinear operation in modern privacy computing techniques such as homomorphic encryption (HE) and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Haomin Li , Fangxin Liu , Chenyang Guan , Zongwu Wang , Li Jiang , Haibing Guan

Lookup tables (LUTs) are frequently used to efficiently store arrays of precomputed values for complex mathematical computations. When used in the context of neural networks, these functions exhibit a lack of recognizable patterns which…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Oliver Cassidy , Marta Andronic , Samuel Coward , George A. Constantinides

The advent of quantum computing threatens classical public-key cryptography, motivating NIST's adoption of post-quantum schemes such as those based on the Module Learning With Errors (Module-LWE) problem. We present NoMod ML-Attack, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Cristian Bassotto , Ermes Franch , Marina Krček , Stjepan Picek

Lookup table (LUT) methods demonstrate considerable potential in accelerating image super-resolution inference. However, pursuing higher image quality through larger receptive fields and bit-depth triggers exponential growth in the LUT's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yuxuan Zhang , Zhikai Dong , Xinning Chai , Xiangyun Zhou , Yi Xu , Zhengxue Cheng , Li Song

Ashenhurst-Curtis decomposition (ACD) is a decomposition technique used, in particular, to map combinational logic into lookup tables (LUTs) structures when synthesizing hardware designs. However, available implementations of ACD suffer…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Alessandro Tempia Calvino , Alan Mishchenko , Giovanni De Micheli , Robert Brayton

Efficient neural networks (NNs) leveraging lookup tables (LUTs) have demonstrated significant potential for emerging AI applications, particularly when deployed on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) for edge computing. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Marta Andronic , George A. Constantinides

Lookup-table (LUT) based neural networks can deliver ultra-low latency and excellent hardware efficiency on FPGAs by mapping arithmetic operations directly onto the logic primitives. However, state-of-the-art LUT-aware training (LAT)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Chang Sun , Zhiqiang Que , Bakhtiar Zadeh , Qibin Liu , Kevin H. Alvarez , Wayne Luk , Maria Spiropulu

Weight-only quantization has emerged as a promising solution to the deployment challenges of large language models (LLMs). However, it necessitates FP-INT operations, which make implementation on general-purpose hardware like GPUs…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Gunho Park , Hyeokjun Kwon , Jiwoo Kim , Jeongin Bae , Baeseong Park , Dongsoo Lee , Youngjoo Lee

We propose a framework for the design, optimization, and implementation of Look-Up Tables (LUTs) used to recover noisy, oversampled, quantized signals given a parametric input model. The LUTs emulate the spectral effects of pre-quantization…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-28 Morriel Kasher , Michael Tinston , Predrag Spasojevic

Kolmogorov--Arnold Networks (KAN) replace scalar weights by learnable univariate functions, often implemented with B-splines. This design can be accurate and interpretable, but it makes inference expensive on CPU because each layer requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Oleksandr Kuznetsov

The Linear Combination of Unitaries (LCU) method is a powerful scheme for the block encoding of operators but suffers from high overheads. In this work, we discuss the parallelisation of LCU and in particular the SELECT subroutine of LCU…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-22 Gregory Boyd
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