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Related papers: DRoPE: Directional Rotary Position Embedding for E…

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Positional encoding is a vital component of Transformer architectures, enabling models to incorporate sequence order into self-attention mechanisms. Rotary Positional Embeddings (RoPE) have become a widely adopted solution due to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Ali Veisi , Delaram Fartoot , Hamidreza Amirzadeh

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is the de facto positional encoding in large language models due to its ability to encode relative positions and support length extrapolation. When adapted to vision transformers, the standard axial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haoyu Liu , Sucheng Ren , Tingyu Zhu , Peng Wang , Cihang Xie , Alan Yuille , Zeyu Zheng , Feng Wang

Relative position embedding has become a standard mechanism for encoding positional information in Transformers. However, existing formulations are typically limited to a fixed geometric space, namely 1D sequences or regular 2D/3D grids,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yichen Xie , Depu Meng , Chensheng Peng , Yihan Hu , Quentin Herau , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) has become a core component of modern Transformer architectures across language, vision, and 3D domains. However, existing implementations rely on vector-level split and merge operations that introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Chen Minqi , Zhongqi Yue , Shihao Zhang , Yun Xu , Peng Wu , kaixiang Xu , Zeyi Huang , Hanwang Zhang

Position encoding recently has shown effective in the transformer architecture. It enables valuable supervision for dependency modeling between elements at different positions of the sequence. In this paper, we first investigate various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jianlin Su , Yu Lu , Shengfeng Pan , Ahmed Murtadha , Bo Wen , Yunfeng Liu

Transformer-based end-to-end speech recognition models have received considerable attention in recent years due to their high training speed and ability to model a long-range global context. Position embedding in the transformer…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Shengqiang Li , Menglong Xu , Xiao-Lei Zhang

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is widely adopted in large language models (LLMs) due to its efficient encoding of relative positions with strong extrapolation capabilities. However, while its application in higher-dimensional input…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Haiping Liu , Lijing Lin , Jingyuan Sun , Zhegong Shangguan , Mauricio A. Alvarez , Hongpeng Zhou

The Transformer architecture has revolutionized various regions since it was proposed, and its effectiveness largely depends on the ability to encode positional information. Traditional position encoding methods exhibit significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Hao Yu , Tangyu Jiang , Shuning Jia , Shannan Yan , Shunning Liu , Haolong Qian , Guanghao Li , Shuting Dong , Huaisong Zhang , Chun Yuan

Transformers rely on explicit positional encoding to model structure in data. While Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) excels in 1D domains, its application to image generation reveals significant limitations such as fine-grained spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jiaye Li , Baoyou Chen , Hui Li , Zilong Dong , Jingdong Wang , Siyu Zhu

Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) is widely adopted in large language models, but when applied to vision-language models (VLMs) it couples text and image position indices and can introduce spurious cross-modal relative-position bias. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Chengcheng Wang , Jianyuan Guo , Hongguang Li , Yuchuan Tian , Ying Nie , Chang Xu , Kai Han

Standard Vision Transformers flatten 2D images into 1D sequences, disrupting the natural spatial topology. While Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE) excels in 1D, it inherits this limitation, often treating spatially distant patches (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Yupu Yao , Bowen Yang

Rotary Positional Encodings (RoPE) have emerged as a highly effective technique for one-dimensional sequences in Natural Language Processing spurring recent progress towards generalizing RoPE to higher-dimensional data such as images and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Chase van de Geijn , Timo Lüddecke , Polina Turishcheva , Alexander S. Ecker

Video generation with controllable camera viewpoints is essential for applications such as interactive content creation, gaming, and simulation. Existing methods typically adapt pre-trained video models using camera poses relative to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Chunyang Li , Yuanbo Yang , Jiahao Shao , Hongyu Zhou , Katja Schwarz , Yiyi Liao

Transformers rely on positional encoding to compensate for the inherent permutation invariance of self-attention. Traditional approaches use absolute sinusoidal embeddings or learned positional vectors, while more recent methods emphasize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chase van de Geijn , Ayush Paliwal , Timo Lüddecke , Alexander S. Ecker

Positional encoding is essential for large language models (LLMs) to represent sequence order, yet recent studies show that Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE) can induce massive activation. We investigate the source of these instabilities via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Jing Xiong , Liyang Fan , Hui Shen , Zunhai Su , Min Yang , Lingpeng Kong , Ngai Wong

Rapid aerodynamic evaluation is crucial for modern vehicle design, yet existing neural operators struggle to capture intricate spatial correlations. We propose the rotary-enhanced transformer operator (RETO), a novel neural solver featuring…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Bojun Zhang , Huiyu Yang , Yunpeng Wang , Yuntian Chen , Yuanwei Bin , Rikui Zhang , Jianchun Wang

Position information is essential for language modeling. In softmax transformers, Rotary Position Embeddings (\textit{RoPE}) encode positions through \textit{fixed-angle} rotations, while in linear transformers, order is handled via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Sajad Movahedi , Timur Carstensen , Arshia Afzal , Frank Hutter , Antonio Orvieto , Volkan Cevher

Rotary Positional Embedding (RoPE) is a common choice in transformer architectures for encoding relative positional information. Although earlier work has examined omitting RoPE in specific layers, the effect of varying the fraction of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Mohammad Aflah Khan , Krishna P. Gummadi , Manish Gupta , Abhilasha Ravichander

Positional encoding plays a crucial role in transformers, significantly impacting model performance and length generalization. Prior research has introduced absolute positional encoding (APE) and relative positional encoding (RPE) to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Chuanyang Zheng , Yihang Gao , Han Shi , Minbin Huang , Jingyao Li , Jing Xiong , Xiaozhe Ren , Michael Ng , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li , Yu Li

Rotary positional embedding has become the state-of-the-art approach to encode position information in transformer-based models. While it is often succinctly expressed in complex linear algebra, we note that the actual implementation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Beicheng Lou , Zifei Xu , Vivian W. H. Wong
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