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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is an essential approach to robustifying deep learning models, enabling them to identify inputs that fall outside of their trained distribution. Existing OOD detection methods usually depend on crafted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Yifan Wu , Xichen Ye , Songmin Dai , Dengye Pan , Xiaoqiang Li , Weizhong Zhang , Yifan Chen

Most existing deep learning models are trained based on the closed-world assumption, where the test data is assumed to be drawn i.i.d. from the same distribution as the training data, known as in-distribution (ID). However, when models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Yixin Liu , Kaize Ding , Huan Liu , Shirui Pan

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for the reliable and safe deployment of machine learning systems in the real world. Great progress has been made over the past years. This paper presents the first review of recent advances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Hao Lang , Yinhe Zheng , Yixuan Li , Jian Sun , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization, a cornerstone for building robust machine learning models capable of handling data diverging from the training set's distribution, is an ongoing challenge in deep learning. While significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Sergey Kolesnikov

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the secure deployment of machine learning models, and prototype-based learning methods are among the mainstream strategies for achieving OOD detection. Existing prototype-based learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Ningkang Peng , Qianfeng Yu , Xiaoqian Peng , Linjing Qian , Yafei Liu , Canran Xiao , Xinyu Lu , Tingyu Lu , Zhichao Zheng , Yanhui Gu

Density-based Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has recently been shown unreliable for the task of detecting OOD images. Various density ratio based approaches achieve good empirical performance, however methods typically lack a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-09 Mingtian Zhang , Andi Zhang , Tim Z. Xiao , Yitong Sun , Steven McDonagh

Unsupervised out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify out-of-domain data by learning only from unlabeled In-Distribution (ID) training samples, which is crucial for developing a safe real-world machine learning system. Current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ying Yang , De Cheng , Chaowei Fang , Yubiao Wang , Changzhe Jiao , Lechao Cheng , Nannan Wang

Efficiency and trustworthiness are two eternal pursuits when applying deep learning in real-world applications. With regard to efficiency, dataset distillation (DD) endeavors to reduce training costs by distilling the large dataset into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Shijie Ma , Fei Zhu , Zhen Cheng , Xu-Yao Zhang

When deploying a trained machine learning model in the real world, it is inevitable to receive inputs from out-of-distribution (OOD) sources. For instance, in continual learning settings, it is common to encounter OOD samples due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Chuanwen Feng , Wenlong Chen , Ao Ke , Yilong Ren , Xike Xie , S. Kevin Zhou

Deep learning models are vulnerable to performance degradation when encountering out-of-distribution (OOD) images, potentially leading to misdiagnoses and compromised patient care. These shortcomings have led to great interest in the field…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Lars Doorenbos , Raphael Sznitman , Pablo Márquez-Neila

Reliable out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is fundamental to implementing safer modern machine learning (ML) systems. In this paper, we introduce Igeood, an effective method for detecting OOD samples. Igeood applies to any pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-16 Eduardo Dadalto Camara Gomes , Florence Alberge , Pierre Duhamel , Pablo Piantanida

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a well-studied topic in supervised learning. Extending the successes in supervised learning methods to the reinforcement learning (RL) setting, however, is difficult due to the data generating process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Sumedh A Sontakke , Stephen Iota , Zizhao Hu , Arash Mehrjou , Laurent Itti , Bernhard Schölkopf

Continual learning (CL) is an important technique to allow artificial neural networks to work in open environments. CL enables a system to learn new tasks without severe interference to its performance on old tasks, i.e., overcome the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Liangxuan Guo , Yang Chen , Shan Yu

This paper introduces a novel method leveraging bi-encoder-based detectors along with a comprehensive study comparing different out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods in NLP using different feature extractors. The feature extraction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Louis Owen , Biddwan Ahmed , Abhay Kumar

Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) detection has received broad attention over the years, aiming to ensure the reliability and safety of deep neural networks (DNNs) in real-world scenarios by rejecting incorrect predictions. However, we notice a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Yao Zhu , Yuefeng Chen , Xiaodan Li , Rong Zhang , Hui Xue , Xiang Tian , Rongxin Jiang , Bolun Zheng , Yaowu Chen

We consider the problem of detecting OoD(Out-of-Distribution) input data when using deep neural networks, and we propose a simple yet effective way to improve the robustness of several popular OoD detection methods against label shift. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Matteo Guarrera , Baihong Jin , Tung-Wei Lin , Maria Zuluaga , Yuxin Chen , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli

A key feature of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is to exploit a trained neural network by extracting statistical patterns and relationships through the multi-layer classifier to detect shifts in the expected input data distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Eduardo Dadalto , Pierre Colombo , Guillaume Staerman , Nathan Noiry , Pablo Piantanida

Traditional machine learning paradigms are based on the assumption that both training and test data follow the same statistical pattern, which is mathematically referred to as Independent and Identically Distributed ($i.i.d.$). However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Jiashuo Liu , Zheyan Shen , Yue He , Xingxuan Zhang , Renzhe Xu , Han Yu , Peng Cui

Continual learning (CL) enables models to adapt to new tasks and environments without forgetting previously learned knowledge. While current CL setups have ignored the relationship between labels in the past task and the new task with or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Byung Hyun Lee , Okchul Jung , Jonghyun Choi , Se Young Chun

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection empowers the model trained on the closed image set to identify unknown data in the open world. Though many prior techniques have yielded considerable improvements in this research direction, two crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Sen Pei