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Artificial square spin ices are structures composed of magnetic elements arranged on a geometrically frustrated lattice and located on the sites of a two-dimensional square lattice, such that there are four interacting magnetic elements at…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Ezio Iacocca , Sebastian Gliga , Robert L. Stamps , Olle Heinonen

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are basic building blocks for devices such as magnetic random access memories (MRAMs). The relevance for modern computation of non-volatile high-frequency memories makes ac-transport measurements of MTJs…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-02-08 Subir Parui , Mário Ribeiro , Ainhoa Atxabal , Amilcar Bedoya-Pinto , Xiangnan Sun , Roger Llopis , Fèlix Casanova , Luis E. Hueso

Over the past few years, the study of magnetization dynamics in artificial spin ices has become a vibrant field of study. Artificial spin ices are ensembles of geometrically arranged, interacting magnetic nanoislands, which display…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-04-22 Sebastian Gliga , Ezio Iacocca , Olle G. Heinonen

We investigate the stochastic dynamics of nanoscale perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJs) and the correlations that arise when they are electrically coupled. Individual junctions exhibit thermally activated spin-transfer torque…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Dairong Chen , Ahmed Sidi El Valli , Jonathan Z. Sun , Flaviano Morone , Dries Sels , Andrew D. Kent

Spin-glass models of associative memories are a cornerstone between statistical physics and theoretical neuroscience. In these networks, stochastic spin-like units interact through a synaptic matrix shaped by local Hebbian learning. In…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-04-08 Gianni V. Vinci , Andrea Galluzzi , Maurizio Mattia

In this paper we give a profound insight into the computation capability of delay-based reservoir computing via an eigenvalue analysis. We concentrate on the task-independent memory capacity to quantify the reservoir performance and compare…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Felix Köster , Serhiy Yanchuk , Kathy Lüdge

Aperiodicity and un-conventional rotational symmetries allow quasicrystalline structures to exhibit unprecedented physical and functional properties. In magnetism, artificial ferromagnetic quasicrystals exhibited knee anomalies suggesting…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 Vinayak Shantaram Bhat , Sho Watanabe , Florian Kronast , Korbinian Baumgaertl , Dirk Grundler

We study a frustrated two-dimensional array of dipoles forming an artificial rectangular spin ice with horizontal and vertical lattice parameters given by $a$ and $b$ respectively. We show that the ice regime could be stabilized by…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-12-07 F. S. Nascimento , L. A. S. Mól , W. A. Moura-Melo , A. R. Pereira

The possibilities of combining several degrees of freedom inside a unique material have recently been highlighted in their dynamics and proposed as information carriers in quantum devices where their cross-manipulation by external…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-13 Y. Alexanian , J. Saugnier , C. Decorse , J. Robert , R. Ballou , E. Lhotel , J. Debray , F. Gay , V. Simonet , S. de Brion

Artificial spin ice systems have seen burgeoning interest due to their intriguing physics and potential applications in reprogrammable memory, logic and magnonics. Integration of artificial spin ice with functional magnonics is a relatively…

Dielectric interfaces critical for metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) electronic devices, such as the Si/SiO$_2$ MOS field effect transistor (MOSFET), possess trap states that can be visualized with electrically-detected spin resonance…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-08-21 Nicholas J. Harmon , James P. Ashton , Patrick M. Lenahan , Michael E. Flatté

Several experimental techniques have been introduced in recent years in attempts to measure spin transfer torque in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). The dependence of spin torque on bias is important for understanding fundamental spin…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-07-01 Chen Wang , Yong-Tao Cui , Jordan A. Katine , Robert A. Buhrman , Daniel C. Ralph

We explore the influence of demagnetization interaction on magnetic memory effect by varying organization geometry of anisotropic ZnFe$_2$O$_4$ nanoparticles in an ensemble. The static and dynamic behaviour of two differently organized…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-12-30 Korobi Konwar , Som Datta Kaushik , Debasis Sen , Pritam Deb

As one of the most important paradigms of recurrent neural networks, the echo state network (ESN) has been applied to a wide range of fields, from robotics to medicine, finance, and language processing. A key feature of the ESN paradigm is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Pau Vilimelis Aceituno , Yan Gang , Yang-Yu Liu

Recently, Sun et al reported that striking memory effects had been clearly observed in their new experiments on an interacting nanoparticle system [1]. They claimed that the phenomena evidenced the existence of a spin-glass-like phase and…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 R. K. Zheng , X. X. Zhang

Artificial spin ice arrays of micromagnetic islands are a means of engineering additional energy scales and frustration into magnetic materials. Despite much progress in elucidating the properties of such arrays, the `spins' in the systems…

Artificial spin ices are metamaterials composed of interacting nanomagnets exhibiting frustration. Their resonant magnetization dynamics have been broadly investigated from fundamental and applied points of view. In this work, we realize a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Renju R. Peroor , Lawrence Scafuri , Dmytro A. Bozhko , Ezio Iacocca

We demonstrate that thermally stable perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (pMTJs), widely used in spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory, can be actuated with nanosecond pulses to exhibit tunable stochastic behavior. This…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Ahmed Sidi El Valli , Michael Tsao , Dairong Chen , Andrew D. Kent

We study an artificial spin ice system consisting of two identical layers separated by a height offset $h$. For small separation, the layers are shown to attract each other, provided the whole system is in the ground state. Such an…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-02-05 Fabio S. Nascimento , Afranio R. Pereira , Winder A. Moura-Melo

Biologically inspired recurrent neural networks, such as reservoir computers are of interest in designing spatio-temporal data processors from a hardware point of view due to the simple learning scheme and deep connections to Kalman…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Samiran Ganguly , Avik W. Ghosh
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