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The overarching goal of Explainable AI is to develop systems that not only exhibit intelligent behaviours, but also are able to explain their rationale and reveal insights. In explainable machine learning, methods that produce a high level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Xiuyi Fan , Siyuan Liu , Thomas C. Henderson

In this paper we suggest NICE: a new algorithm to generate counterfactual explanations for heterogeneous tabular data. The design of our algorithm specifically takes into account algorithmic requirements that often emerge in real-life…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Dieter Brughmans , Pieter Leyman , David Martens

Despite their success and widespread adoption, the opaque nature of deep neural networks (DNNs) continues to hinder trust, especially in critical applications. Current interpretability solutions often yield inconsistent or oversimplified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Alec F. Diallo , Vaishak Belle , Paul Patras

As machine learning models and autonomous agents are increasingly deployed in high-stakes, real-world domains such as healthcare, security, finance, and robotics, the need for transparent and trustworthy explanations has become critical. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Haishi Bai , Jozo Dujmovic , Jianwu Wang

White blood cells (WBCs) play a crucial role in safeguarding the human body against pathogens and foreign substances. Leveraging the abundance of WBC imaging data and the power of deep learning algorithms, automated WBC analysis has the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-23 Aditya Shankar Pal , Debojyoti Biswas , Joy Mahapatra , Debasis Banerjee , Prantar Chakrabarti , Utpal Garain

Despite the recent development in the topic of explainable AI/ML for image and text data, the majority of current solutions are not suitable to explain the prediction of neural network models when the datasets are tabular and their features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Thai Le , Suhang Wang , Dongwon Lee

We consider counterfactual explanations, the problem of minimally adjusting features in a source input instance so that it is classified as a target class under a given classifier. This has become a topic of recent interest as a way to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Miguel Á. Carreira-Perpiñán , Suryabhan Singh Hada

While machine learning techniques have been successfully applied in several fields, the black-box nature of the models presents challenges for interpreting and explaining the results. We develop a new framework called Adaptive Explainable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-03 Jie Chen , Joel Vaughan , Vijayan N. Nair , Agus Sudjianto

Interpretable representations are the backbone of many explainers that target black-box predictive systems based on artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. They translate the low-level data representation necessary for good…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Kacper Sokol , Peter Flach

Generating synthetic samples from the convex space of the minority class is a popular oversampling approach for imbalanced classification problems. Recently, deep-learning approaches have been successfully applied to modeling the convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Manjunath Mahendra , Chaithra Umesh , Saptarshi Bej , Kristian Schultz , Olaf Wolkenhauer

Data augmentation is one of the most successful techniques to improve the classification accuracy of machine learning models in computer vision. However, applying data augmentation to tabular data is a challenging problem since it is hard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Azhar Mohammed , Dang Nguyen , Bao Duong , Thin Nguyen

Explainable AI consists in developing mechanisms allowing for an interaction between decision systems and humans by making the decisions of the formers understandable. This is particularly important in sensitive contexts like in the medical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-08 Carlo Metta , Riccardo Guidotti , Yuan Yin , Patrick Gallinari , Salvatore Rinzivillo

Counterfactual explanations (CFXs) provide human-understandable justifications for model predictions, enabling actionable recourse and enhancing interpretability. To be reliable, CFXs must avoid regions of high predictive uncertainty, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Aman Bilkhoo , Mehran Hosseini , Milad Kazemi , Nicola Paoletti

With machine learning models being increasingly applied to various decision-making scenarios, people have spent growing efforts to make machine learning models more transparent and explainable. Among various explanation techniques,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Furui Cheng , Yao Ming , Huamin Qu

Neural networks often struggle with high-dimensional but small sample-size tabular datasets. One reason is that current weight initialisation methods assume independence between weights, which can be problematic when there are insufficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Andrei Margeloiu , Nikola Simidjievski , Pietro Lio , Mateja Jamnik

Fairness-aware recommendation eliminates discrimination issues to build trustworthy recommendation systems.Explaining the causes of unfair recommendations is critical, as it promotes fairness diagnostics, and thus secures users' trust in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Xiangmeng Wang , Qian Li , Dianer Yu , Qing Li , Guandong Xu

Multivariate techniques and machine learning models have found numerous applications in High Energy Physics (HEP) research over many years. In recent times, AI models based on deep neural networks are becoming increasingly popular for many…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2022-11-24 Avik Roy , Mark S. Neubauer

The interpretability of machine learning models has been an essential area of research for the safe deployment of machine learning systems. One particular approach is to attribute model decisions to high-level concepts that humans can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Varsha Pendyala , Jihye Choi

The ability to understand and reason about cause and effect -- encompassing interventions, counterfactuals, and underlying mechanisms -- is a cornerstone of robust artificial intelligence. While deep learning excels at pattern recognition,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Ming Lei , Shufan Wu , Christophe Baehr

In this paper, we address the challenge of performing counterfactual inference with observational data via Bayesian nonparametric regression adjustment, with a focus on high-dimensional settings featuring multiple actions and multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Alberto Caron , Gianluca Baio , Ioanna Manolopoulou