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Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled collaborative Multi-Agent (MA) systems, where interacting agents improve performance through diverse reasoning and iterative refinement. However, these systems remain vulnerable to error…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yong Jin Chun , Iftekhar Ahmed

Multi-agent systems, where specialized agents collaborate to solve a shared task hold great potential, from increased modularity to simulating complex environments. However, they also have a major caveat -- a single agent can cause the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ohav Barbi , Ori Yoran , Mor Geva

Human prosocial cooperation is essential for our collective health, education, and welfare. However, designing social systems to maintain or incentivize prosocial behavior is challenging because people can act selfishly to maximize personal…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Karthik Sreedhar , Alice Cai , Jenny Ma , Jeffrey V. Nickerson , Lydia B. Chilton

The robustness of LLMs to jailbreak attacks, where users design prompts to circumvent safety measures and misuse model capabilities, has been studied primarily for LLMs acting as simple chatbots. Meanwhile, LLM agents -- which use external…

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks, they pose potential safety concerns, such as the ``jailbreak'' problem, wherein malicious instructions can manipulate LLMs to exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yue Deng , Wenxuan Zhang , Sinno Jialin Pan , Lidong Bing

Motivated by the control theoretic distinction between controllable and uncontrollable events, we distinguish between two types of agents within a multi-agent system: controllable agents, which are directly controlled by the system's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-17 R. I. Brafman , M. Tennenholtz

We report an exploratory red-teaming study of autonomous language-model-powered agents deployed in a live laboratory environment with persistent memory, email accounts, Discord access, file systems, and shell execution. Over a two-week…

Large language model-based multi-agent systems (LLM-MAS) effectively accomplish complex and dynamic tasks through inter-agent communication, but this reliance introduces substantial safety vulnerabilities. Existing attack methods targeting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Bingyu Yan , Ziyi Zhou , Xiaoming Zhang , Chaozhuo Li , Ruilin Zeng , Yirui Qi , Tianbo Wang , Litian Zhang

Due to the wide application of average consensus algorithm, its security and privacy problems have attracted great attention. In this paper, we consider the system threatened by a set of unknown agents that are both "malicious" and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-07 Shuai Sun , Yilin Mo

Communication is important in many multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems for agents to share information and make good decisions. However, when deploying trained communicative agents in a real-world application where noise and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Yanchao Sun , Ruijie Zheng , Parisa Hassanzadeh , Yongyuan Liang , Soheil Feizi , Sumitra Ganesh , Furong Huang

A multimodal large language model (MLLM) agent can receive instructions, capture images, retrieve histories from memory, and decide which tools to use. Nonetheless, red-teaming efforts have revealed that adversarial images/prompts can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Xiangming Gu , Xiaosen Zheng , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Qian Liu , Ye Wang , Jing Jiang , Min Lin

Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed as assistants in planning and decision making, yet most existing systems are implicitly optimized for a single-principal interaction paradigm, in which the model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Shu Yang , Shenzhe Zhu , Hao Zhu , José Ramón Enríquez , Di Wang , Alex Pentland , Michiel A. Bakker , Jiaxin Pei

This study investigates malicious AI Assistants' manipulative traits and whether the behaviours of malicious AI Assistants can be detected when interacting with human-like simulated users in various decision-making contexts. We also examine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yulu Pi , Ella Bettison , Anna Becker

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being enhanced with the ability to use tools and to process multiple modalities. These new capabilities bring new benefits and also new security risks. In this work, we show that an attacker can use visual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Xiaohan Fu , Zihan Wang , Shuheng Li , Rajesh K. Gupta , Niloofar Mireshghallah , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Earlence Fernandes

The problem of assigning agents to tasks is a central computational challenge in many multi-agent autonomous systems. However, in the real world, agents are not always perfect and may fail due to a number of reasons. A motivating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Russell Schwartz , Pratap Tokekar

Multi-agent systems composed of large generative models are rapidly moving from laboratory prototypes to real-world deployments, where they jointly plan, negotiate, and allocate shared resources to solve complex tasks. While such systems…

Active-passive multiagent systems consist of agents subject to inputs (active agents) and agents with no inputs (passive agents), where active and passive agent roles are considered to be interchangeable in order to capture a wide array of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-07 Ehsan Arabi , Dimitra Panagou , Tansel Yucelen

Agentic AI systems -- Large Language Models (LLMs) augmented with planning, tool use, memory, and long-horizon interactions -- can execute complex tasks autonomously, but their multi-step trajectories introduce new failure modes that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinhu Qi , Muzhi Li , Jiahong Liu , Yuqin Shu , Dianzhi Yu , Shicheng Ma , Wenqian Cui , Yiyang Zhao , Yiyi Chen , Ruoxi Jiang , Irwin King , Zenglin Xu

LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed in multi-agent systems (MAS). As these systems move toward real-world applications, their security becomes paramount. Existing research largely evaluates single-agent security, leaving a critical…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Nirmit Arora , Sathvik Joel , Ishan Kavathekar , Palak , Rohan Gandhi , Yash Pandya , Tanuja Ganu , Aditya Kanade , Akshay Nambi

Agentic systems based on large language models (LLMs) operate not merely as text generators but as autonomous entities that dynamically retrieve information and invoke tools. This execution model shifts the attack surface from traditional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiaochong Jiang , Shiqi Yang , Wenting Yang , Yichen Liu , Cheng Ji
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