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Hybrid zonotopes generalize constrained zonotopes by introducing additional binary variables and possess some unique properties that make them convenient to represent nonconvex sets. This paper presents novel hybrid zonotope-based methods…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-06 Yuhao Zhang , Xiangru Xu

The increasing prevalence of neural networks in safety-critical control systems underscores the imperative need for rigorous methods to ensure the reliability and safety of these systems. This work introduces a novel approach employing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-20 Hang Zhang , Yuhao Zhang , Xiangru Xu

This paper proposes methods for reachability analysis of nonlinear systems in both open loop and closed loop with advanced controllers. The methods combine hybrid zonotopes, a construct called a state-update set, functional decomposition,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-26 Jacob A. Siefert , Trevor J. Bird , Andrew F. Thompson , Jonah J. Glunt , Justin P. Koeln , Neera Jain , Herschel C. Pangborn

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are widely employed to model complex dynamical systems due to their hidden-state structure, which inherently captures temporal dependencies. This work presents a hybrid zonotope-based approach for computing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-13 Yuhao Zhang , Xiangru Xu

The proliferation of neural networks in safety-critical applications necessitates the development of effective methods to ensure their safety. This letter presents a novel approach for computing the exact backward reachable sets of neural…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Yuhao Zhang , Hang Zhang , Xiangru Xu

Hybrid systems play a crucial role in modeling real-world applications where discrete and continuous dynamics interact, including autonomous vehicles, power systems, and traffic networks. Safety verification for these systems requires…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-18 Peng Xie , Johannes Betz , Davide M. Raimondo , Amr Alanwar

In this paper, we propose reachability analysis using constrained polynomial logical zonotopes. We perform reachability analysis to compute the set of states that could be reached. To do this, we utilize a recently introduced set…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-21 Ahmad Hafez , Frank J. Jiang , Karl H. Johansson , Amr Alanwar

Deep convolutional neural networks have been widely employed as an effective technique to handle complex and practical problems. However, one of the fundamental problems is the lack of formal methods to analyze their behavior. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Xiaodong Yang , Tomoya Yamaguchi , Hoang-Dung Tran , Bardh Hoxha , Taylor T Johnson , Danil Prokhorov

Even though neural networks are being increasingly deployed in safety-critical control applications, it remains difficult to enforce constraints on their output, meaning that it is hard to guarantee safety in such settings. While many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Long Kiu Chung , Shreyas Kousik

Zonotopes are widely used for over-approximating forward reachable sets of uncertain linear systems for verification purposes. In this paper, we use zonotopes to achieve more scalable algorithms that under-approximate backward reachable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-18 Liren Yang , Necmiye Ozay

This paper addresses a fundamental challenge in data-driven reachability analysis: accurately representing and propagating non-convex reachable sets. We propose a novel approach using constrained polynomial zonotopes to describe reachable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Zhen Zhang , M. Umar B. Niazi , Michelle S. Chong , Karl H. Johansson , Amr Alanwar

In real world applications, uncertain parameters are the rule rather than the exception. We present a reachability algorithm for linear systems with uncertain parameters and inputs using set propagation of polynomial zonotopes. In contrast…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Yushen Huang , Ertai Luo , Stanley Bak , Yifan Sun

Neural networks have recently become popular for a wide variety of uses, but have seen limited application in safety-critical domains such as robotics near and around humans. This is because it remains an open challenge to train a neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Long Kiu Chung , Adam Dai , Derek Knowles , Shreyas Kousik , Grace X. Gao

Backward reachability analysis is essential to synthesizing controllers that ensure the correctness of closed-loop systems. This paper is concerned with developing scalable algorithms that under-approximate the backward reachable sets, for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-29 Liren Yang , Hang Zhang , Jean-Baptiste Jeannin , Necmiye Ozay

Over-approximating the reachable sets of dynamical systems is a fundamental problem in safety verification and robust control synthesis. The representation of these sets is a key factor that affects the computational complexity and the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-17 Taha Entesari , Mahyar Fazlyab

We employ reachability analysis in designing dynamic quantization schemes for the remote state estimation of linear systems over a finite date rate communication channel. The quantization region is dynamically updated at each transmission…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-11 Yaodong Li , Michelle S. Chong

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for computing robust backward reachable sets from noisy data for unknown constrained linear systems subject to bounded disturbances. In particular, we develop an algorithm for obtaining zonotopic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-21 Mehran Attar , Walter Lucia

We consider the problem of computing reachable sets directly from noisy data without a given system model. Several reachability algorithms are presented for different types of systems generating the data. First, an algorithm for computing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-14 Amr Alanwar , Anne Koch , Frank Allgöwer , Karl Henrik Johansson

This paper presents a novel algorithm for reachability analysis of nonlinear discrete-time systems. The proposed method combines constrained zonotopes (CZs) with polyhedral relaxations of factorable representations of nonlinear functions to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-17 Brenner S. Rego , Guilherme V. Raffo , Marco H. Terra , Joseph K. Scott

Forward reachability analysis is the predominant approach for verifying reach-avoid properties in neural feedback systems (dynamical systems controlled by neural networks). This dominance stems from the limited scalability of existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Samuel I. Akinwande , Sydney M. Katz , Mykel J. Kochenderfer , Clark Barrett
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