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Inner-approximate reachability analysis involves calculating subsets of reachable sets, known as inner-approximations. This analysis is crucial in the fields of dynamic systems analysis and control theory as it provides a reliable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-22 Dejin Ren , Zhen Liang , Chenyu Wu , Jianqiang Ding , Taoran Wu , Bai Xue

Reachability analysis is at the core of many applications, from neural network verification, to safe trajectory planning of uncertain systems. However, this problem is notoriously challenging, and current approaches tend to be either too…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-10 Thomas Lew , Marco Pavone

Efficiently handling time-triggered and possibly nondeterministic switches for hybrid systems reachability is a challenging task. In this paper we present an approach based on conservative set-based enclosure of the dynamics that can handle…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-07 Marcelo Forets , Daniel Freire , Christian Schilling

Data-driven reachability analysis using matrix zonotopes faces a fundamental challenge: the number of generators in the reachable set grows exponentially during propagation, while current order reduction yields overly conservative…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Peng Xie , Amr Alanwar

This paper presents identities for calculating over-approximated successor sets of discrete-time nonlinear systems using hybrid zonotopes. The proposed technique extends the state-update set construct, previously developed for linear hybrid…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-18 Jacob A. Siefert , Trevor J. Bird , Justin P. Koeln , Neera Jain , Herschel C. Pangborn

Reachability analysis, in general, is a fundamental method that supports formally-correct synthesis, robust model predictive control, set-based observers, fault detection, invariant computation, and conformance checking, to name but a few.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-17 Niklas Kochdumper , Bastian Schürmann , Matthias Althoff

In this paper, we propose a data-driven reachability analysis approach for unknown system dynamics. Reachability analysis is an essential tool for guaranteeing safety properties. However, most current reachability analysis heavily relies on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-14 Amr Alanwar , Anne Koch , Frank Allgöwer , Karl Henrik Johansson

There has been an increasing interest in using neural networks in closed-loop control systems to improve performance and reduce computational costs for on-line implementation. However, providing safety and stability guarantees for these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-20 Haimin Hu , Mahyar Fazlyab , Manfred Morari , George J. Pappas

Deep neural networks have been widely applied as an effective approach to handle complex and practical problems. However, one of the most fundamental open problems is the lack of formal methods to analyze the safety of their behaviors. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-04 Xiaodong Yang , Hoang-Dung Tran , Weiming Xiang , Taylor Johnson

One of the most important problems in hybrid systems is the {\em reachability problem}. The reachability problem has been shown to be undecidable even for a subclass of {\em linear} hybrid systems. In view of this, the main focus in the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-09-29 D. Ravi , R. K. Shyamasundar

We present a novel approach to efficiently compute tight non-convex enclosures of the image through neural networks with ReLU, sigmoid, or hyperbolic tangent activation functions. In particular, we abstract the input-output relation of each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Niklas Kochdumper , Christian Schilling , Matthias Althoff , Stanley Bak

Under-approximations of reachable sets and tubes have been receiving growing research attention due to their important roles in control synthesis and verification. Available under-approximation methods applicable to continuous-time linear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-15 Mohamed Serry , Jun Liu

Functional decomposition is a powerful tool for systems analysis because it can reduce a function of arbitrary input dimensions to the sum and superposition of functions of a single variable, thereby mitigating (or potentially avoiding) the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Jonah J. Glunt , Jacob A. Siefert , Andrew F. Thompson , Justin Ruths , Herschel C. Pangborn

Neural Networks (NNs) can provide major empirical performance improvements for robotic systems, but they also introduce challenges in formally analyzing those systems' safety properties. In particular, this work focuses on estimating the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-26 Michael Everett , Golnaz Habibi , Jonathan P. How

This paper proposes a method for set-valued state estimation of nonlinear, discrete-time systems. This is achieved by combining graphs of functions representing system dynamics and measurements with the hybrid zonotope set representation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Jacob A. Siefert , Andrew F. Thompson , Jonah J. Glunt , Herschel C. Pangborn

Neural networks achieve outstanding accuracy in classification and regression tasks. However, understanding their behavior still remains an open challenge that requires questions to be addressed on the robustness, explainability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Anna-Kathrin Kopetzki , Stephan Günnemann

Reachability analysis is a key formal verification technique for ensuring the safety of modern cyber physical systems subject to uncertainties in measurements, system models (parameters), and inputs. Classical model-based approaches rely on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Alireza Naderi Akhormeh , Amr Hegazy , Amr Alanwar

In this work, we analyze an efficient sampling-based algorithm for general-purpose reachability analysis, which remains a notoriously challenging problem with applications ranging from neural network verification to safety analysis of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-15 Thomas Lew , Lucas Janson , Riccardo Bonalli , Marco Pavone

We show that hybrid zonotopes offer an equivalent representation of feed-forward fully connected neural networks with ReLU activation functions. Our approach demonstrates that the complexity of binary variables is equal to the total number…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Joshua Ortiz , Alyssa Vellucci , Justin Koeln , Justin Ruths

This paper investigates the application of zonotope-based reachability analysis to low-thrust spacecraft in both two-body and cislunar environments. Reachable sets are generated under two-body and circular restricted three-body (CR3BP)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Jinaykumar Patel , Kamesh Subbarao