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This is the first in a series on papers developing an arithmetic PDE analogue of Riemannian geometry. The role of partial derivatives is played by Fermat quotient operations with respect to several Frobenius elements in the absolute Galois…

A general class of Lorentzian metrics, $M_0 x R^2$, $ds^2 = <.,.> + 2 du dv + H(x,u) du^2$, with $(M_0, <.,.>$ any Riemannian manifold, is introduced in order to generalize classical exact plane fronted waves. Here, we start a systematic…

Let $M$ be a complete Riemannian manifold. Suppose $M$ contains a bounded, concave, connected open set $U$ with $C^0$ boundary and $M\setminus U$ is connected. We assume that either the relative homotopy set $\pi_1(M,M\setminus U)=0$ or the…

We give a characterization of flat affine connections on manifolds by means of a natural affine representation of the universal covering of the Lie group of diffeomorphisms preserving the connection. From the infinitesimal point of view,…

A new technique for the study of geodesic connectedness in a class of Lorentzian manifolds is introduced. It is based on arguments of Brouwer's topological degree for the solution of functional equations. It is shown to be very useful for…

Based on a quantitative version of the classical Hopf-Rinow theorem in terms of the doubling property, we prove new precompactness principles in the (pointed) Gromov-Hausdorff topology for domains in (maybe incomplete) Riemannian manifolds…

Dual affine connections on Riemannian manifolds have played a central role in the field of information geometry since their introduction by Amari. Here I would like to extend the notion of dual connections to general vector bundles with an…

The book contains a collection of works on Riemann-Cartan and metric-affine manifolds provided with nonlinear connection structure and on generalized Finsler-Lagrange and Cartan-Hamilton geometries and Clifford structures modelled on such…

In this paper we study variations of the Hopf theorem concerning continuous maps $f$ of a compact Riemannian manifold $M$ of dimension $n$ to $\mathbb{R}^n$. We investigate the case when $M$ is a closed convex $n$-dimensional surface and…

We consider a regular distribution $\mathcal{D}$ in a Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$. The Levi-Civita connection on $(M,g)$ together with the orthogonal projection allow to endow the space of sections of $\mathcal{D}$ with a natural covariant…

We prove the existence and uniqueness of Levi-Civita connections for strongly sigma-compatible pseudo-Riemannian metrics on tame differential calculi. Such pseudo-Riemannian metrics properly contain the classes of bilinear metrics as well…

We establish a correspondence between information geometry and gauge theory. First, we define an important class of statistical manifolds, that is normalized and satisfies a conservation field equation. Second, we prove that for a…

The geometric approach to optimal transport and information theory has triggered the interpretation of probability densities as an infinite-dimensional Riemannian manifold. The most studied Riemannian structures are Otto's metric, yielding…

This paper applies the recently developed framework of cohomologically calibrated affine connections to the fundamental problem of constructing non-Riemannian Einstein manifolds. In this framework, the torsion of a connection is…

We consider the most general Quadratic Metric-Affine Gravity setup in the presence of generic matter sources with non-vanishing hypermomentum. The gravitational action consists of all $17$ quadratic invariants (both parity even and odd) in…

We consider a pair of smooth manifolds, which are the counterparts in the even-dimensional and odd-dimensional cases. They are separately an almost complex manifold with Norden metric and an almost contact manifolds with B-metric,…

In a neighborhood of a (positive definite) Riemannian space in which special, semigeodesic, coordinates are given, the metric tensor can be calculated from its values on a suitable hypersurface and some of components of the curvature tensor…

As is well known, a metric on a manifold determines a unique symmetric connection for which the metric is parallel: the Levi-Civita connection. In this paper we investigate the inverse problem: to what extent is the metric of a Riemannian…

Using tools from the theory of Lie groupoids, we study the category of logarithmic flat connections on principal $G$-bundles, where $G$ is a complex reductive structure group. Flat connections on the affine line with a logarithmic…

A manifold with fibered cusp metrics $X$ can be considered as a geometrical generalization of locally symmetric spaces of $\mathbb{Q}$-rank one at infinity. We prove a Hodge-type theorem for this class of Riemannian manifolds, i.e. we find…