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It is quite challenging to ensure the safety of reinforcement learning (RL) agents in an unknown and stochastic environment under hard constraints that require the system state not to reach certain specified unsafe regions. Many popular…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-14 Yixuan Wang , Simon Sinong Zhan , Ruochen Jiao , Zhilu Wang , Wanxin Jin , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang , Chao Huang , Qi Zhu

While automated driving is often advertised with better-than-human driving performance, this work reviews that it is nearly impossible to provide direct statistical evidence on the system level that this is actually the case. The amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Hanno Gottschalk , Matthias Rottmann , Maida Saltagic

Developing safety and efficiency applications for Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) require a great deal of testing and evaluation. The need for the operation of these systems in critical and dangerous situations makes the burden of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Ahura Jami , Mahdi Razzaghpour , Hussein Alnuweiri , Yaser P. Fallah

Automated driving in urban settings is challenging. Human participant behavior is difficult to model, and conventional, rule-based Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) tend to fail when they face unmodeled dynamics. On the other hand, the more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Ekim Yurtsever , Linda Capito , Keith Redmill , Umit Ozguner

To operate in open-ended environments where humans interact in complex, diverse ways, autonomous robots must learn to predict their behaviour, especially when that behavior is potentially dangerous to other agents or to the robot. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Divya Thuremella , Lewis Ince , Lars Kunze

Driver drowsiness is one of the main causes of road accidents and is recognized as a leading contributor to traffic-related fatalities. However, detecting drowsiness accurately remains a challenging task, especially in real-world settings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Tran Viet Khoa , Do Hai Son , Mohammad Abu Alsheikh , Yibeltal F Alem , Dinh Thai Hoang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown to reach super human-level performance across a wide range of tasks. However, unlike supervised machine learning, learning strategies that generalize well to a wide range of situations remains one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Sebastian Rietsch , Shih-Yuan Huang , Georgios Kontes , Axel Plinge , Christopher Mutschler

This research aims to investigate professional racing drivers' expertise to develop an understanding of their cognitive and adaptive skills to create new autonomy algorithms. An expert interview study was conducted with 11 professional race…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Frederik Werner , René Oberhuber , Johannes Betz

Driving in a state of drowsiness is a major cause of road accidents, resulting in tremendous damage to life and property. Developing robust, automatic, real-time systems that can infer drowsiness states of drivers has the potential of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Ajjen Joshi , Survi Kyal , Sandipan Banerjee , Taniya Mishra

Autonomous navigation in highly populated areas remains a challenging task for robots because of the difficulty in guaranteeing safe interactions with pedestrians in unstructured situations. In this work, we present a crowd navigation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Diego Paez-Granados , Yujie He , David Gonon , Dan Jia , Bastian Leibe , Kenji Suzuki , Aude Billard

Modelling pedestrian-driver interactions is critical for understanding human road user behaviour and developing safe autonomous vehicle systems. Existing approaches often rely on rule-based logic, game-theoretic models, or 'black-box'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yueyang Wang , Mehmet Dogar , Gustav Markkula

Monitoring drivers' mental workload facilitates initiating and maintaining safe interactions with in-vehicle information systems, and thus delivers adaptive human machine interaction with reduced impact on the primary task of driving. In…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-11 Nermin Caber , Bashar I. Ahmad , Jiaming Liang , Simon Godsill , Alexandra Bremers , Philip Thomas , David Oxtoby , Lee Skrypchuk

Autonomous racing presents unique challenges due to its non-linear dynamics, the high speed involved, and the critical need for real-time decision-making under dynamic and unpredictable conditions. Most traditional Reinforcement Learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Benedict Hildisch , Edoardo Ghignone , Nicolas Baumann , Cheng Hu , Andrea Carron , Michele Magno

Designing a controller for autonomous vehicles capable of providing adequate performance in all driving scenarios is challenging due to the highly complex environment and inability to test the system in the wide variety of scenarios which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Sampo Kuutti , Richard Bowden , Yaochu Jin , Phil Barber , Saber Fallah

With the rapid advancements of sensor technology and deep learning, autonomous driving systems are providing safe and efficient access to intelligent vehicles as well as intelligent transportation. Among these equipped sensors, the radar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shanliang Yao , Runwei Guan , Zitian Peng , Chenhang Xu , Yilu Shi , Weiping Ding , Eng Gee Lim , Yong Yue , Hyungjoon Seo , Ka Lok Man , Jieming Ma , Xiaohui Zhu , Yutao Yue

Racing demands each vehicle to drive at its physical limits, when any safety infraction could lead to catastrophic failure. In this work, we study the problem of safe reinforcement learning (RL) for autonomous racing, using the vehicle's…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Bingqing Chen , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh , Eric Nyberg , Sylvia L. Herbert

This paper addresses the problem of predicting hazards that drivers may encounter while driving a car. We formulate it as a task of anticipating impending accidents using a single input image captured by car dashcams. Unlike existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Korawat Charoenpitaks , Van-Quang Nguyen , Masanori Suganuma , Masahiro Takahashi , Ryoma Niihara , Takayuki Okatani

Autonomous driving at unsignalized intersections is still considered a challenging application for machine learning due to the complications associated with handling complex multi-agent scenarios characterized by a high degree of…

Autonomous systems, like vehicles or robots, require reliable, accurate, fast, resource-efficient, scalable, and low-latency trajectory predictions to get initial knowledge about future locations and movements of surrounding objects for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Manuel Hetzel , Hannes Reichert , Konrad Doll , Bernhard Sick

Advances in sensing and learning algorithms have led to increasingly mature solutions for human detection by robots, particularly in selected use-cases such as pedestrian detection for self-driving cars or close-range person detection in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Timm Linder , Narunas Vaskevicius , Robert Schirmer , Kai O. Arras