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Reinforcement learning (RL) in autonomous driving employs a trial-and-error mechanism, enhancing robustness in unpredictable environments. However, crafting effective reward functions remains challenging, as conventional approaches rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yongming Chen , Miner Chen , Liewen Liao , Mingyang Jiang , Xiang Zuo , Hengrui Zhang , Yuchen Xi , Songan Zhang

Recent success suggests that deep neural control networks are likely to be a key component of self-driving vehicles. These networks are trained on large datasets to imitate human actions, but they lack semantic understanding of image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Jinkyu Kim , Teruhisa Misu , Yi-Ting Chen , Ashish Tawari , John Canny

Automated driving systems (ADSs) promise a safe, comfortable and efficient driving experience. However, fatalities involving vehicles equipped with ADSs are on the rise. The full potential of ADSs cannot be realized unless the robustness of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Ekim Yurtsever , Jacob Lambert , Alexander Carballo , Kazuya Takeda

Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is both a sampling strategy and an estimation method. It is commonly used to study individuals that are difficult to access with standard sampling techniques. As with any sampling strategy, RDS has…

Applications · Statistics 2023-09-29 Jessica P. Kunke , Adam Visokay , Tyler H. McCormick

Existing end-to-end autonomous driving (AD) algorithms typically follow the Imitation Learning (IL) paradigm, which faces challenges such as causal confusion and an open-loop gap. In this work, we propose RAD, a 3DGS-based closed-loop…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Hao Gao , Shaoyu Chen , Bo Jiang , Bencheng Liao , Yiang Shi , Xiaoyang Guo , Yuechuan Pu , Haoran Yin , Xiangyu Li , Xinbang Zhang , Ying Zhang , Wenyu Liu , Qian Zhang , Xinggang Wang

Traffic incidents involving vulnerable road users (VRUs) constitute a significant proportion of global road accidents. Advances in traffic communication ecosystems, coupled with sophisticated signal processing and machine learning…

Autonomous vehicles must navigate dynamically uncertain environments while balancing safety and efficiency. This challenge is exacerbated by unpredictable human-driven vehicle (HV) behaviors and perception inaccuracies, necessitating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Rui Yang , Lei Zheng , Shuzhi Sam Ge , Jun Ma

Driver drowsiness significantly impairs the ability to accurately judge safe braking distances and is estimated to contribute to 10%-20% of road accidents in Europe. Traditional driver-assistance systems lack adaptability to real-time…

Trust in robots has been gathering attention from multiple directions, as it has special relevance in the theoretical descriptions of human-robot interactions. It is essential for reaching high acceptance and usage rates of robotic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Hebert Azevedo-Sa , X. Jessie Yang , Lionel P. Robert , Dawn M. Tilbury

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems in real-world settings need to handle imperfect audio, often degraded by hardware limitations or environmental noise, while accommodating diverse user groups. In human-robot interaction (HRI),…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Theresa Pekarek Rosin , Julia Gachot , Henri-Leon Kordt , Matthias Kerzel , Stefan Wermter

Recent reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have demonstrated impressive results in simulated driving environments. However, autonomous vehicles trained in simulation often struggle to work well in the real world due to the fidelity gap…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Sang-Hyun Lee , Daehyeok Kwon , Seung-Woo Seo

Reinforcement learning (RL) methods for social robot navigation show great success navigating robots through large crowds of people, but the performance of these learning-based methods tends to degrade in particularly challenging or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Sara Pohland , Alvin Tan , Prabal Dutta , Claire Tomlin

This study presents a novel approach for modeling and simulating human-vehicle interactions in order to examine the effects of automated driving systems (ADS) on driving performance and driver control workload. Existing driver-ADS…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Kenechukwu C. Mbanisi , Hideyuki Kimpara , Zhi Li , Danil Prokhorov , Michael A. Gennert

The selection of relevant test scenarios for the scenario-based testing and safety validation of automated driving systems (ADSs) remains challenging. An important aspect of the relevance of a scenario is the challenge it poses for an ADS.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Lennart Vater , Sven Tarlowski , Michael Schuldes , Lutz Eckstein

Autonomous driving has shown great potential to reform modern transportation. Yet its reliability and safety have drawn a lot of attention and concerns. Compared with traditional software systems, autonomous driving systems (ADSs) often use…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Guannan Lou , Yao Deng , Xi Zheng , Mengshi Zhang , Tianyi Zhang

As semi-automated vehicles (SAVs) become more common, ensuring effective human-vehicle interaction during control handovers remains a critical safety challenge. Existing studies often rely on single-session simulator experiments or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yasaman Hakiminejad , Shiva Azimi , Luis Gomero , Elizabeth Pantesco , Irene P. Kan , Meltem Izzetoglu , Arash Tavakoli

The safety of autonomous driving systems (ADS) depends on accurate perception across distance and driving conditions. The outputs of AI perception algorithms are stochastic, which have a major impact on decision making and safety outcomes,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Boyu Jiang , Liang Shi , Zhengzhi Lin , Lanxin Xiang , Loren Stowe , Feng Guo

Vehicle control algorithms exploiting connectivity and automation, such as Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) or Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), have the opportunity to improve energy savings. However, lower levels of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Olivia Jacome , Shobhit Gupta , Stephanie Stockar , Marcello Canova

The increasing interest in autonomous driving systems has highlighted the need for an in-depth analysis of human driving behavior in diverse scenarios. Analyzing human data is crucial for developing autonomous systems that replicate safe…

We consider the problem of intelligently navigating through complex traffic. Urban situations are defined by the underlying map structure and special regulatory objects of e.g. a stop line or crosswalk. Thereon dynamic vehicles (cars,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Tim Puphal , Benedict Flade , Daan de Geus , Julian Eggert