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Recently, diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in generating tasks, including image and audio generation. However, like other generative models, diffusion models are prone to privacy issues. In this paper, we propose an…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Fei Kong , Jinhao Duan , RuiPeng Ma , Hengtao Shen , Xiaofeng Zhu , Xiaoshuang Shi , Kaidi Xu

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world intelligent systems for perception and reasoning in open physical environments. While LVLMs are known to be vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Chen Ling , Kai Hu , Hangcheng Liu , Xingshuo Han , Tianwei Zhang , Changhai Ou

Jailbreaking attacks can effectively manipulate open-source large language models (LLMs) to produce harmful responses. However, these attacks exhibit limited transferability, failing to disrupt proprietary LLMs consistently. To reliably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Runqi Lin , Bo Han , Fengwang Li , Tongling Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly trained on tabular data, which, unlike unstructured text, often contains personally identifiable information (PII) in a highly structured and explicit format. As a result, privacy risks arise,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Eyal German , Sagiv Antebi , Daniel Samira , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

Tool-use large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to support sensitive workflows, relying on tool calls for retrieval, external API access, and session memory management. While prior research has examined various threats,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Wuyang Zhang , Shichao Pei

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on massive corpora that may contain sensitive information, creating privacy risks under membership inference attacks (MIAs). Knowledge distillation is widely used to compress LLMs into smaller…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ziyao Cui , Minxing Zhang , Jian Pei

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate responses based on user prompts. Often, these prompts may contain highly sensitive information, including personally identifiable information (PII), which could be exposed to third parties hosting these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shashie Dilhara Batan Arachchige , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Dinusha Vatsalan , Dali Kaafar

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values and away from undesirable behaviors (such as hallucination) has become increasingly important. Recently, steering LLMs towards a desired behavior via activation editing has emerged as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Anmol Goel , Yaxi Hu , Iryna Gurevych , Amartya Sanyal

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) are widely used to assess the privacy risks associated with machine learning models. However, when these attacks are applied to pre-trained large language models (LLMs), they encounter significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Meng Tong , Yuntao Du , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Ninghui Li

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have garnered widespread attention for their exceptional capabilities. Prompts are central to the functionality and performance of LLMs, making them highly valuable assets. The increasing reliance on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Yong Yang , Changjiang Li , Qingming Li , Oubo Ma , Haoyu Wang , Zonghui Wang , Yandong Gao , Wenzhi Chen , Shouling Ji

The advent of Large Language Models LLMs marks a milestone in Artificial Intelligence, altering how machines comprehend and generate human language. However, LLMs are vulnerable to malicious prompt injection attacks, where crafted inputs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Sahasra Kokkula , Somanathan R , Nandavardhan R , Aashishkumar , G Divya

Large language models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption across diverse applications due to their impressive generative capabilities. Their plug-and-play nature enables both developers and end users to interact with these models through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zongze Li , Jiawei Guo , Haipeng Cai

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling applications in diverse domains such as healthcare, finance and education. However, the growing reliance on extensive data for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Guoshenghui Zhao , Eric Song

Large vision-language models (VLLMs) exhibit promising capabilities for processing multi-modal tasks across various application scenarios. However, their emergence also raises significant data security concerns, given the potential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Zhan Li , Yongtao Wu , Yihang Chen , Francesco Tonin , Elias Abad Rocamora , Volkan Cevher

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, representing the most significant security threat in production deployments. We present Prompt Fencing, a novel architectural approach that applies cryptographic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Steven Peh

The safety and robustness of large language models (LLMs) based applications remain critical challenges in artificial intelligence. Among the key threats to these applications are prompt hacking attacks, which can significantly undermine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Baha Rababah , Shang , Wu , Matthew Kwiatkowski , Carson Leung , Cuneyt Gurcan Akcora

With the growing use of large language models (LLMs) hosted on cloud platforms to offer inference services, privacy concerns about the potential leakage of sensitive information are escalating. Secure multi-party computation (MPC) is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Guang Yan , Yuhui Zhang , Zimu Guo , Lutan Zhao , Xiaojun Chen , Chen Wang , Wenhao Wang , Dan Meng , Rui Hou

Recently, Large language models (LLMs) with powerful general capabilities have been increasingly integrated into various Web applications, while undergoing alignment training to ensure that the generated content aligns with user intent and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Shuyu Jiang , Xingshu Chen , Rui Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) utilize large amounts of data for their training, some of which may come from copyrighted sources. Membership Inference Attacks (MIA) aim to detect those documents and whether they have been included in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Juliusz Janicki , Savvas Chamezopoulos , Evangelos Kanoulas , Georgios Tsatsaronis

Phishing sites continue to grow in volume and sophistication. Recent work leverages large language models (LLMs) to analyze URLs, HTML, and rendered content to decide whether a website is a phishing site. While these approaches are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Takashi Koide , Hiroki Nakano , Daiki Chiba
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