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Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen rapid adoption in recent years, with industries increasingly relying on them to maintain a competitive advantage. These models excel at interpreting user instructions and generating human-like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Andrew Yeo , Daeseon Choi

The growing deployment of large language model (LLM) based agents that interact with external environments has created new attack surfaces for adversarial manipulation. One major threat is indirect prompt injection, where attackers embed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hwan Chang , Yonghyun Jun , Hwanhee Lee

Large pretrained language models (LLMs) have shown surprising In-Context Learning (ICL) ability. An important application in deploying large language models is to augment LLMs with a private database for some specific task. The main problem…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Chunyan Zheng , Keke Sun , Wenhao Zhao , Haibo Zhou , Lixin Jiang , Shaoyang Song , Chunlai Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising potential for next Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendation. However, existing methods only perform direct zero-shot prompting, leading to ineffective extraction of user preferences,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Ziqing Wu , Zhu Sun , Dongxia Wang , Lu Zhang , Jie Zhang , Yew Soon Ong

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns regarding data privacy. This study aims to investigate the potential for privacy invasion through input reconstruction attacks, in which a malicious model provider…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zhipeng Wan , Anda Cheng , Yinggui Wang , Lei Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are currently being integrated into industrial software applications to help users perform more complex tasks in less time. However, these LLM-Integrated Applications (LIA) expand the attack surface and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Felix Viktor Jedrzejewski , Davide Fucci , Oleksandr Adamov

The critical challenge of prompt injection attacks in Large Language Models (LLMs) integrated applications, a growing concern in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field. Such attacks, which manipulate LLMs through natural language inputs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xuchen Suo

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various applications by providing advanced natural language processing capabilities. However, this innovation introduces new cybersecurity challenges. This paper explores the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Stephen Burabari Tete

Recent works show that sensitive user data can be reconstructed from gradient updates, breaking the key privacy promise of federated learning. While success was demonstrated primarily on image data, these methods do not directly transfer to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Lele Zheng , Yang Cao , Renhe Jiang , Kenjiro Taura , Yulong Shen , Sheng Li , Masatoshi Yoshikawa

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, but incur high communication overhead and privacy risks in cloud deployments, while facing compute and memory constraints…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Junfei Zhan , Haoxun Shen , Zheng Lin , Tengjiao He

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on sensitive datasets carries a substantial risk of unintended memorization and leakage of Personally Identifiable Information (PII), which can violate privacy regulations and compromise individual…

Large Language Models (LLMs), while powerful, are built and trained to process a single text input. In common applications, multiple inputs can be processed by concatenating them together into a single stream of text. However, the LLM is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Keegan Hines , Gary Lopez , Matthew Hall , Federico Zarfati , Yonatan Zunger , Emre Kiciman

Large language models (LLMs) represent significant breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and hold potential for applications within smart grids. However, as demonstrated in previous literature, AI technologies are susceptible to various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jiangnan Li , Yingyuan Yang , Jinyuan Sun

Prompt injection attacks, where malicious input is designed to manipulate AI systems into ignoring their original instructions and following unauthorized commands instead, were first discovered by Preamble, Inc. in May 2022 and responsibly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Jeremy McHugh , Kristina Šekrst , Jon Cefalu

The emergence of LLM (Large Language Model) integrated virtual assistants has brought about a rapid transformation in communication dynamics. During virtual assistant development, some developers prefer to leverage the system message, also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Chun Fai Chan , Daniel Wankit Yip , Aysan Esmradi

Small language models (SLMs) are increasingly valued for their efficiency and deployability in resource-constrained environments, making them useful for on-device, privacy-sensitive, and edge computing applications. On the other hand,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Roya Arkhmammadova , Hosein Madadi Tamar , M. Emre Gursoy

The ever-increasing size of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) renders local deployment impractical for individual users. Decentralized computing has emerged as a cost-effective solution, allowing individuals and small companies to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yifan Sun , Yuhang Li , Yue Zhang , Yuchen Jin , Huan Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) show strong performance across many applications, but their ability to memorize and potentially reveal training data raises serious privacy concerns. We introduce the PopQuiz Attack, a black-box membership…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zeyuan Chen , Yihan Ma , Xinyue Shen , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Indirect Prompt Injection attacks exploit the inherent limitation of Large Language Models (LLMs) to distinguish between instructions and data in their inputs. Despite numerous defense proposals, the systematic evaluation against adaptive…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in sensitive domains, including healthcare, finance, and legal services, raising concerns about potential private information leaks during inference. Privacy extraction attacks, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Jinwen He , Yiyang Lu , Zijin Lin , Kai Chen , Yue Zhao
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